括る

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
括
くく
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *kukoru.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

括(くく)る • (kukuru) transitive godan (stem 括(くく)り (kukuri), past 括(くく)った (kukutta))

  1. to bind, bundle, fasten, tie up
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 13, poem 3330:
      , text here
      　玉(たま)社(こそ)者(は)緒(を)之(の)絶(たえぬれ)薄(は)八十一(くく)里(り)喚鶏(つつ)　 [Man'yōgana]
      　玉(たま)こそば緒(を)の絶(た)えぬればくくりつつ　 [Modern spelling]
      ...tama koso ba o no taenureba kukuritsutsu...
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    Synonyms: バインドする (baindo suru), 引っ括る (hikkukuru)
  2. to enclose
  3. to hang oneself
    Synonym: 縊死する (ishi suru)
  4. to consolidate, summarize
  5. to resolve
  6. to estimate
  7. to tie-dye
  8. to constrain, detain
    Synonym: 引き留める (hikitomeru, hikitodomeru)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "括る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 括ら くくら kukura
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 括り くくり kukuri
Shūshikei ("terminal") 括る くくる kukuru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 括る くくる kukuru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 括れ くくれ kukure
Meireikei ("imperative") 括れ くくれ kukure
Key constructions
Passive 括られる くくられる kukurareru
Causative 括らせる
括らす 		くくらせる
くくらす 		kukuraseru
kukurasu
Potential 括れる くくれる kukureru
Volitional 括ろう くくろう kukurō
Negative 括らない くくらない kukuranai
Negative continuative 括らず くくらず kukurazu
Formal 括ります くくります kukurimasu
Perfective 括った くくった kukutta
Conjunctive 括って くくって kukutte
Hypothetical conditional 括れば くくれば kukureba
Derived terms
Derived terms
Idioms
Idioms
See also

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
括
くび
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Cognate with 縊る (kubiru, “to strangle to death”).[2]

Pronunciation

Verb

括(くび)る • (kubiru) transitive godan (stem 括(くび)り (kubiri), past 括(くび)った (kubitta))

  1. to hang with a string, for example
Conjugation
Conjugation of "括る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 括ら くびら kubira
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 括り くびり kubiri
Shūshikei ("terminal") 括る くびる kubiru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 括る くびる kubiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 括れ くびれ kubire
Meireikei ("imperative") 括れ くびれ kubire
Key constructions
Passive 括られる くびられる kubirareru
Causative 括らせる
括らす 		くびらせる
くびらす 		kubiraseru
kubirasu
Potential 括れる くびれる kubireru
Volitional 括ろう くびろう kubirō
Negative 括らない くびらない kubiranai
Negative continuative 括らず くびらず kubirazu
Formal 括ります くびります kubirimasu
Perfective 括った くびった kubitta
Conjunctive 括って くびって kubitte
Hypothetical conditional 括れば くびれば kubireba

Verb

括(くび)る • (kubiru) intransitive †nidan

  1. (archaic) to be constricted
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ “括”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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