拵える

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
拵
こしら
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Reconstructed by Samuel Martin as Proto-Japonic *kəsirapu, a compound of Old Japanese elements 此 (ko2, “this”) +‎ 知ら (sira, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 知る (siru, “to know”)) +‎ ふ (pu, auxiliary suffix).[2] However, this is very problematic semantically, considering that the attested senses for this verb have nothing to do with either "this" or .

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「こしらえる」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		こしらえる こしらえる
Imperative (命令形) こしらえろ こしらえろ
Key constructions
Passive こしらえられる こしらえられる
Causative こしらえさせる こしらえさせる
Potential こしらえられる こしらえられる
Volitional こしらえよう こしらえよー
Negative こしらえない こしらえない
Negative perfective こしらえなかった こしらえなかった
Formal こしらえます こしらえます
Perfective こしらえた こしらえた
Conjunctive こしらえて こしらえて
Hypothetical conditional こしらえれば こしらえれば

Verb

拵(こしら)える • (koshiraeru) transitive ichidan (stem 拵(こしら)え (koshirae), past 拵(こしら)えた (koshiraeta))

  1. to speak in such a way as to cause others to feel or do something
  2. to cook, to make food
    彼女(かのじょ)は子(こ)どもに食事(しょくじ)をさっとこしらえた
    kanojo wa kodomo ni shokuji o satto koshiraeta
    She quickly made the children a meal
    サラダをこしらえる。
    Sarada o koshiraeru.
    I make a salad.
  3. dress oneself up
  4. prepare
  5. manufacture
  6. have

Conjugation

Conjugation of "拵える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 拵え こしらえ koshirae
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 拵え こしらえ koshirae
Shūshikei ("terminal") 拵える こしらえる koshiraeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 拵える こしらえる koshiraeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 拵えれ こしらえれ koshiraere
Meireikei ("imperative") 拵えよ¹
拵えろ² 		こしらえよ¹
こしらえろ² 		koshiraeyo¹
koshiraero²
Key constructions
Passive 拵えられる こしらえられる koshiraerareru
Causative 拵えさせる
拵えさす 		こしらえさせる
こしらえさす 		koshiraesaseru
koshiraesasu
Potential 拵えられる
拵えれる³ 		こしらえられる
こしらえれる³ 		koshiraerareru
koshiraereru³
Volitional 拵えよう こしらえよう koshiraeyō
Negative 拵えない
拵えぬ
拵えん 		こしらえない
こしらえぬ
こしらえん 		koshiraenai
koshiraenu
koshiraen
Negative continuative 拵えず こしらえず koshiraezu
Formal 拵えます こしらえます koshiraemasu
Perfective 拵えた こしらえた koshiraeta
Conjunctive 拵えて こしらえて koshiraete
Hypothetical conditional 拵えれば こしらえれば koshiraereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References

  1. ^ “拵・慰・喩・誘”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
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