挺

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挺 U+633A, 挺
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-633A
← 挹
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 挻 →

Translingual

Han character

挺 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手弓大土 (QNKG), four-corner 52041, composition ⿰扌廷)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 432, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12106
  • Dae Jaweon: page 781, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1869, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+633A

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (廷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蜓 *l'eːnʔ, *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ
涏 *l'eːns, *l'eːŋʔ
綎 *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l'eːŋ
珽 *l̥ʰeːŋʔ
脡 *l̥ʰeːŋʔ
侹 *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *l̥ʰeːŋs
頲 *l'eːŋʔ
廷 *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ
庭 *l'eːŋ
鼮 *l'eːŋ
莛 *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ
筳 *l'eːŋ
霆 *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ
娗 *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ
挺 *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ
艇 *l'eːŋʔ
鋌 *l'eːŋʔ
梃 *l'eːŋʔ
誔 *l'eːŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 挺
alternative forms 𡈼 ancient

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)ljaŋ (“straight; straighten”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2003, 2007).

The intensifier usage “quite; very” is most likely a grammaticalized usage from “outstanding; prominent” (Liu, 2008; Yang, 2021). Alternatively, it may be from Manchu ᡨᡝᠨ (ten, “extreme”) (Aixinjueluo, 1993).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • tháⁿ, thán, thíⁿ - vernacular;
  • théng - literary.
Rime
Character 挺 挺
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 青 (125) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV IV
Fanqie 特丁切 徒鼎切
Baxter deng dengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/deŋ/ /deŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/deŋ/ /deŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dɛŋ/ /dɛŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dɛjŋ/ /dɛjŋX/
Li
Rong 		/deŋ/ /deŋX/
Wang
Li 		/dieŋ/ /dieŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱieŋ/ /dʱieŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tíng dìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ting4 ding6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 挺
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tǐng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thengX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ˁeŋʔ/
English stand up straight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 挺 挺
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 12429 12430
Phonetic
component 		廷 廷
Rime
group 		耕 耕
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		庭 挺
Old
Chinese 		/*l'eːŋ/ /*l'eːŋʔ/

Definitions

挺

  1. straight; erect
    筆挺／笔挺  ―  bǐtǐng  ―  straight; erect
  2. to stick out; to straighten up
    挺起胸膛  ―  tǐng qǐ xiōngtáng  ―  to proudly put one's chest out
    挺直條腰／挺直条腰 [Cantonese]  ―  ting5 zik6 tiu4 jiu1   ―  to straighten up one's back
  3. to endure; to stand
    我挺不住了。  ―  Wǒ tǐng bùzhù le.  ―  I can no longer endure this.
    挺過這道坎兒／挺过这道坎儿  ―  tǐng guò zhè dào kǎnr  ―  to persist and overcome this hurdle
  4. to support
    我是挺你的！  ―  Wǒ shì tǐng nǐ de!  ―  I support you!
  5. outstanding; prominent
  6. (chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial) quite; rather; pretty; very
    挺不錯／挺不错  ―  tǐng bùcuò  ―  quite good
    挺可愛／挺可爱  ―  tǐng kě'ài  ―  quite cute
  7. Classifier for machine guns.
Usage notes

In Standard Mandarin, the degree of 挺 is usually less than 很 (hěn) and 非常 (fēicháng).

Synonyms
  • (to support):
  • (outstanding):
  • (quite) (Cantonese) 幾／几 (gei2)
Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 很, 非常, 十分
Mandarin Beijing 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
Taiwan 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
Tianjin 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
Jinan 挺, 楞
Xi'an 很
Wuhan 蠻, 很
Chengdu 很, 好
Chongqing 很
Yangzhou 蠻, 稀, 很
Hefei 很
Malaysia 很
Singapore 很, 蠻, 非常
Cantonese Guangzhou 好, 非常之
Hong Kong 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 好
Taishan 好, 十分之
Yangjiang 好
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 好
Singapore (Guangfu) 好, 非常之, 非常
Gan Nanchang 蠻
Hakka Meixian 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
Huidong (Daling) 好
Wuhua (Meilin) 好
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頂
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 好
Changting 野
Wuping (Pingyu) 已, 刮
Liancheng 樣
Ninghua 好
Ruijin 蠻
Shicheng 蠻
Shangyou (Shexi) 蠻
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 已, 還
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 蓋, 盡, 還
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 當, 盡, 已, 還
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 當, 已, 還
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 當, 已, 還
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 足, 真, 實在
Hong Kong 好
Sabah (Bao'an) 好
Kuching (Hepo) 很
Singapore (Dabu) 好
Jin Taiyuan 很, 挺
Northern Min Jian'ou 盡
Eastern Min Fuzhou 野, 真
Singapore (Fuqing) 真
Sitiawan (Gutian) 真
Southern Min Xiamen 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰
Xiamen (Tong'an) 真
Quanzhou 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰
Jinjiang 野
Zhangzhou 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔
Zhao'an 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
Dongshan 真, 非常
Taipei 真, 誠
New Taipei (Sanxia) 真, 誠
Kaohsiung 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Yilan 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
Changhua (Lukang) 真, 誠
Taichung 誠, 蓋, 足
Tainan 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Hsinchu 真, 誠
Kinmen 足, 誠
Penghu (Magong) 真, 誠
Penang (Hokkien) 真, 誠, 真正
Singapore (Hokkien) 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
Manila (Hokkien) 野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠
Chaozhou 過, 好, 非常, 死爸
Shantou 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
Shantou (Chenghai) 好, 死絕
Shantou (Chaoyang) 好, 非常
Jieyang 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
Bangkok (Teochew) 好
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 好
Singapore (Teochew) 真, 死爸, 非常
Wenchang 極, 但顧, 真
Haikou 但顧
Qionghai 但顧, 真
Singapore (Hainanese) 但顧, 真
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 好, 蠻
Wu Shanghai 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
Suzhou 蠻, 窮
Hangzhou 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
Ningbo 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
Zhoushan 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
Wenzhou 蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang Changsha 很, 蠻
Shuangfeng 蠻

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
 挺
alternative forms 停
亭

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From 停?”)

Pronunciation

Definitions

挺

  1. (Cantonese) kind; sort; type

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

挺

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
挺
ちょう
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Counter

挺(ちょう) • (-chō) 

  1. long and narrow things such as guns, scissors, candles, inksticks

Compounds

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

挺 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

挺: Hán Nôm readings: đĩnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia