掛礙

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Chinese

		to hang; to put up; to suspend	to hinder; to obstruct; to block
trad. (掛礙/挂礙)		掛/挂	礙
simp. (挂碍)		挂	碍
alternative forms		罣礙／罣碍絓礙

Etymology

Translation of Sanskrit आवरण (āvaraṇa, “covering; hiding; obscuring; obstructing”) or Sanskrit आलम्बन (ālambana, “depending on or from; hanging from”), as in चित्तावरण (cittāvaraṇa, literally “thought-covering”) or चित्तालम्बन (cittālambana, literally “mental hanging”) (Shi, 2014).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guà'ài

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄚˋ ㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaa³ ngoi⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kòa-gāi

(Teochew, Peng'im): gua³ ghai⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guà'ài → guà'ai (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚˋ ㄞˋ → ㄍㄨㄚˋ ˙ㄞ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guà-åi
  - Wade–Giles: kua⁴-ai⁵
  - Yale: gwà-ai
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guah.ay
  - Palladius: гуаай (guaaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/ → /ku̯ä⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwaa³ ngoi⁶
  - Yale: gwa ngoih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwaa³ ngoi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gua³ ngoi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaː³³ ŋɔːi̯²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòa-gāi
  - Tâi-lô: kuà-gāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koargai
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kua²¹⁻⁵³ ɡai²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kua²¹⁻⁵³ ɡai²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kua¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡai³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kua²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡai³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gua³ ghai⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuà gāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ɡai¹¹/

Middle Chinese: kweaH ngojH

Rime
Character	掛	礙
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	佳 (32)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	古賣切	五漑切
Baxter	kweaH	ngojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuɛ^H/	/ŋʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚæ^H/	/ŋəi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuæi^H/	/ŋɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨj^H/	/ŋəj^H/
Li Rong	/kuɛ^H/	/ŋᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/kwai^H/	/ŋɒi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwai^H/	/ŋɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guà	ài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaai³	ngoi⁶

Verb

掛礙

(Buddhism, of the mind) to be hindered, thus unawakened; to be obstructed
to obstruct; to hinder
to worry; to be concerned

Synonyms

(to hinder):

(to worry):

怕
急 (jí)
急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
恐怕 (kǒngpà)
患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
愁 (chóu)
憂心 / 忧心 (yōuxīn)
憂慮 / 忧虑 (yōulǜ)
懸心 / 悬心 (xuánxīn)
掛心 / 挂心 (guàxīn)
揪心 (jiūxīn)
提心 (tíxīn)
擔心 / 担心 (dānxīn)
擔憂 / 担忧 (dānyōu)
燒心 / 烧心 (shāoxīn) (regional or dated)
犯愁 (fànchóu)
疑慮 / 疑虑 (yílǜ)
發急 / 发急 (fājí)
發愁 / 发愁 (fāchóu)
發極 / 发极 (⁷faq ⁸jiq) (Wu)
著急 / 着急 (zháojí)
起急 (qǐjí) (colloquial)
顧慮 / 顾虑 (gùlǜ)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to hinder”):

放行 (fàngxíng)
暢通 / 畅通 (chàngtōng)
通行 (tōngxíng)

Derived terms

心無掛礙 / 心无挂碍

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (罣礙 / 罣碍 (guà'ài)):

→ Japanese: 罣礙(けげ) (kege)
→ Korean: 가애(罣礙) (gaae)
→ Vietnamese: quái ngại (罣礙)

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