掴む

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See also: 摑む

Japanese

Kanji in this term
掴
つか
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
摑む (kyūjitai)
攫む
抓む

Etymology

Derived from 束 (tsuka, “bunch, bundle”) +‎ む (-mu, verb-forming suffix indicating “to look like, to seem like”).[1]

First cited to a text from 850.[2]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「掴む」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		掴む つかむ
Imperative (命令形) 掴め つかめ
Key constructions
Passive 掴まれる つかまれる
Causative 掴ませる つかませる
Potential 掴める つかめる
Volitional 掴もう つかもー
Negative 掴まない つかまない
Negative perfective 掴まなかった つかまなかった
Formal 掴みます つかみます
Perfective 掴んだ つかんだ
Conjunctive 掴んで つかんで
Hypothetical conditional 掴めば つかめば

Verb

掴(つか)む • (tsukamu) transitive godan (stem 掴(つか)み (tsukami), past 掴(つか)んだ (tsukanda))

Japanese verb pair
active 掴む
mediopassive 掴まる
  1. to grab
  2. to grip, take hold of
  3. to accept (a bribe)
  4. to abduct, kidnap
  5. to capture, grasp (imagination, hearts, opportunities, etc.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "掴む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 掴ま つかま tsukama
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 掴み つかみ tsukami
Shūshikei ("terminal") 掴む つかむ tsukamu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 掴む つかむ tsukamu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 掴め つかめ tsukame
Meireikei ("imperative") 掴め つかめ tsukame
Key constructions
Passive 掴まれる つかまれる tsukamareru
Causative 掴ませる
掴ます 		つかませる
つかます 		tsukamaseru
tsukamasu
Potential 掴める つかめる tsukameru
Volitional 掴もう つかもう tsukamō
Negative 掴まない つかまない tsukamanai
Negative continuative 掴まず つかまず tsukamazu
Formal 掴みます つかみます tsukamimasu
Perfective 掴んだ つかんだ tsukanda
Conjunctive 掴んで つかんで tsukande
Hypothetical conditional 掴めば つかめば tsukameba
Classical conjugation of "掴む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 掴ま つかま tukama
Continuative (連用形) 掴み つかみ tukami
Terminal (終止形) 掴む つかむ tukamu
Attributive (連体形) 掴む つかむ tukamu
Realis (已然形) 掴め つかめ tukame
Imperative (命令形) 掴め つかめ tukame
Key constructions
Negative 掴まず つかまず tukamazu
Contrasting conjunction 掴めど つかめど tukamedo
Causal conjunction 掴めば つかめば tukameba
Conditional conjunction 掴まば つかまば tukamaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 掴みき つかみき tukamiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 掴みけり つかみけり tukamikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 掴みつ つかみつ tukamitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 掴みぬ つかみぬ tukaminu
Perfect-continuative tense 掴めり
掴みたり		 つかめり
つかみたり		 tukameri
tukamitari
Volitional 掴まむ つかまむ tukamamu

Derived terms

Derived terms

Idioms

Idioms

Proverbs

See also

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ “掴・攫・抓”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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