援

Translingual

Han character

援 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 手月一水 (QBME), four-corner 5204₇, composition ⿰扌爰)

1. aid, assist
2. lead
3. cite

Derived characters

• 𬕯

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 445, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12407
• Dae Jaweon: page 795, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1921, character 5
• Unihan data for U+63F4

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷans, *ɢʷan) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 爰 (OC *ɢʷan).

Pronunciation

Definitions

援

1. ^† to pull; to tow; to haul

   攀援  ―  pānyuán  ―  to climb; to clamber; to scale

   • 同爾兄弟，以爾鉤援，與爾臨衝，以伐崇墉。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     同尔兄弟，以尔钩援，与尔临冲，以伐崇墉。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Tóng ěr xiōngdì, yǐ ěr gōuyuán, yǔ ěr línchōng, yǐ fá chóngyōng.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 右撫劍，左援帶，命驅之出。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     右抚剑，左援带，命驱之出。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Yòu fǔ jiàn, zuǒ yuán dài, mìng qū zhī chū.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. ^† to hold; to grasp

   • 左並轡，右援枹而鼓。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     左并辔，右援枹而鼓。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Zuǒ bìngpèi, yòu yuán bāo ér gǔ.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 霾兩輪兮縶四馬，援玉枹兮擊鳴鼓。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     霾两轮兮絷四马，援玉枹兮击鸣鼓。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Mái liǎng lún xī zhí sì mǎ, yuán yù bāo xī jī mínggǔ.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. ^⁜ to aid; to assist; to help

   救援  ―  jiùyuán  ―  to rescue

   援助  ―  yuánzhù  ―  to aid

   援軍／援军  ―  yuánjūn  ―  relief troops

   • 失援必毙。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Shī yuán bì bì.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 天下溺，援之以道；嫂溺，援之以手。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Tiānxià nì, yuán zhī yǐ dào; sǎo nì, yuán zhī yǐ shǒu.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

4. ^† to quote; to cite

   援引  ―  yuányǐn  ―  to cite

   援例  ―  yuánlì  ―  to cite a convention or precedent

   • 援前聖以制中兮，矯二主之驕奢。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     援前圣以制中兮，矫二主之骄奢。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5^th century CE

     Yuán qián shèng yǐ zhì zhōng xī, jiǎo èr zhǔ zhī jiāoshē.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. ^† to recommend (a person)

   • 苟利國家不求富貴，其舉賢援能有如此者。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     苟利国家不求富贵，其举贤援能有如此者。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Gǒu lì guójiā bù qiú fùguì, qí jǔ xián yuán néng yǒu rúcǐ zhě.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 援賢博施，除怨而無妨害人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     援贤博施，除怨而无妨害人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Yuán xián bó shī, chú yuàn ér wú fánghài rén.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds

References

• “援”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01630

Japanese

Shinjitai	援
Kyūjitai	援󠄁 援+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	援󠄃 援+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 援 (MC hjwon); compare Mandarin 援 (yuán):

• Go-on: おん (on)^{←をん (won, historical)}
• Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}

From Middle Chinese 援 (MC hjwenH); compare Mandarin 援 (yuàn):

• Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}
• Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: すくい (sukui, 援い)^{←すくひ (sukufi, 援ひ, historical)}; すくう (sukuu, 援う)^{←すくふ (sukufu, 援ふ, historical)}; たすけ (tasuke, 援); たすける (tasukeru, 援ける); ひく (hiku, 援く)
• Nanori: すけ (suke)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 援 (MC hjwon|hjwenH).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Affix

援(えん) • (en) 

1. pull; draw
2. aid; assist; help

References

Korean

Hanja

援 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)

1. aid, assist
2. lead
3. cite

Vietnamese

Han character

援: Hán Nôm readings: viện, vén, vẹn, vẻn, vịn, vin, vờn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.