攻める

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
攻
せ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

From the Classical Japanese verb せむ (semu).

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

Cognate with 責(せ)める (semeru), 迫(せま)る (semaru), 狭(せば)める (sebameru), 狭(せば)まる (sebamaru), and 狭(せま)い (semai).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "攻める"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		攻める せめ​る
Imperative (命令形) 攻めろ せめ​ろ
Key constructions
Passive 攻められる せめられ​る
Causative 攻めさせる せめさせ​る
Potential 攻められる せめられ​る
Volitional 攻めよう せめよ​ー
Negative 攻めない せめ​ない
Negative perfective 攻めなかった せめ​なかった
Formal 攻めます せめま​す
Perfective 攻めた せ​めた
Conjunctive 攻めて せ​めて
Hypothetical conditional 攻めれば せめ​れば

Verb

攻(せ)める • (semeru) transitive ichidan (stem 攻(せ)め (seme), past 攻(せ)めた (semeta))

  1. to attack; to assault
    ロシアはドイツを攻(せ)めた。
    Roshia wa doitsu o semeta.
    Russia attacked Germany.
  2. (informal) to take a risky and bold approach

Conjugation

Conjugation of "攻める" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 攻め せめ seme
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 攻め せめ seme
Shūshikei ("terminal") 攻める せめる semeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 攻める せめる semeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 攻めれ せめれ semere
Meireikei ("imperative") 攻めよ¹
攻めろ² 		せめよ¹
せめろ² 		semeyo¹
semero²
Key constructions
Passive 攻められる せめられる semerareru
Causative 攻めさせる
攻めさす 		せめさせる
せめさす 		semesaseru
semesasu
Potential 攻められる
攻めれる³ 		せめられる
せめれる³ 		semerareru
semereru³
Volitional 攻めよう せめよう semeyō
Negative 攻めない
攻めぬ
攻めん 		せめない
せめぬ
せめん 		semenai
semenu
semen
Negative continuative 攻めず せめず semezu
Formal 攻めます せめます sememasu
Perfective 攻めた せめた semeta
Conjunctive 攻めて せめて semete
Hypothetical conditional 攻めれば せめれば semereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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