. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
you have here. The definition of the word
will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
敦 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴 +8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜木人大 (YDOK ), four-corner 08440 , composition ⿰享 攵 )
Derived characters
References
Kangxi Dictionary: page 473 , character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13276
Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1468, character 1
Unihan data for U+6566
Chinese
Glyph origin
Old Chinese
弴
*tjuː, *tuːn
敦
*tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns
錞
*duːlʔ, *duːls, *djun
憝
*duːls
憞
*duːls
譈
*duːls
鐓
*duːls
鷻
*doːn
鶉
*doːn, *djun
惇
*tuːn, *tjun
墩
*tuːn
驐
*tuːn
燉
*tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn
焞
*tʰuːn, *djun
啍
*tʰuːn, *duːn
暾
*tʰuːn
噋
*tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ
諄
*tjun, *tjuns
埻
*tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ
稕
*tjuns
醇
*djun
淳
*djun
犉
*njun
Originally written 𦎫 in oracle bone script and bronze script , an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意 ) : 亯 ( “ ancestral shrine ” ) + 羊 ( “ sheep ” ) . Original meaning uncertain.
Later used to mean “to force; to compel” and came to be written with 攴 , making the modern form an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意 ) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声 , OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns ) : phonetic 𦎫 ( ) + semantic 攴 ( “ hand ” ) .
Etymology 1
“thick; earnest; plentiful; large”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t/d)ow-n ( “ thick ” ) .
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
敦
敦
Reading #
2/3
3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
dūn
dūn
Middle Chinese
‹ twon ›
‹ twon ›
Old Chinese
/*tˁur/
/*tˁur/
English
solid, thick
敦煌 ~ 燉煌 Dūnhuáng
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
敦
Reading #
3/4
No.
2597
Phonetic component
敦
Rime group
文
Rime subdivision
2
Corresponding MC rime
敦
Old Chinese
/*tuːn/
Definitions
敦
† angry
to urge
† to advise and encourage
† diligent
earnest ; honest ; generous
† intimate
† thick
† plentiful ; rich
† large
† to attach importance to; to esteem ; to revere
† to put something down with great force
A river in Shanxi
a surname
Compounds
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Definitions
敦
( historical ) ancient vessel used to hold grains
Compounds
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
敦
Reading #
1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
duī
Middle Chinese
‹ twoj ›
Old Chinese
/*tˁur/ (dialect: *-r > *-j)
English
manage, direct
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
敦
Reading #
1/4
No.
2587
Phonetic component
敦
Rime group
微
Rime subdivision
2
Corresponding MC rime
磓
Old Chinese
/*tuːl/
Definitions
敦
† to administer ; to manage
† solitary
† to throw
† to force upon
Etymology 4
See 團 (OC *doːn ).
Pronunciation
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
敦
Reading #
2/4
No.
2594
Phonetic component
敦
Rime group
元
Rime subdivision
3
Corresponding MC rime
團
Old Chinese
/*doːn/
Definitions
敦
† clustered
† Alternative form of 團 / 团 ( tuán , “ round ” )
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
Definitions
敦
† to erect
† Alternative form of 墩 ( dūn , “ mound ” )
Etymology 6
Pronunciation
Definitions
敦
Only used in 混敦 and 敦然 .
Etymology 7
Pronunciation
Definitions
敦
Only used in 敦恨 .
Etymology 8
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 雕 (“to engrave ; to inlay ; to carve ; carving ; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 雕 ).
Etymology 9
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 燾 . (This character is a variant form of 燾 ).
Etymology 10
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 淳 (“thick ; honest ; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 淳 ).
Etymology 11
Etymology 12
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 墩 (“mound ; block of stone or wood ; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 墩 ).Notes:
Etymology 13
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 礅 (“large stone ”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 礅 ).Notes:
Etymology 14
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 蹾 . (This character is the second-round simplified form of 蹾 ).Notes:
Etymology 15
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 撴 (“to hold tight ; to seize ; to jolt ; to thump ”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 撴 ).Notes:
References
Japanese
Kanji
敦
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names )
kindness , affinity
Readings
Compounds
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 敦 (MC twoj| twon| dwan| twonH ).
Pronunciation
Noun
敦( たい ) • (tai )
dui (vessel)
Proper noun
敦( あつし ) or 敦( つとむ ) • (Atsushi or Tsutomu )
a male given name
References
Korean
Hanja
敦 (eumhun 쪼을 퇴 ( jjo'eul toe ) )
Hanja form? of 퇴 ( “ peck ” ) .
敦 (eumhun 모을 퇴 ( mo'eul toe ) )
Hanja form? of 퇴 ( “ collect , gather ” ) .
敦 (eumhun 다스릴 퇴 ( daseuril toe ) )
Hanja form? of 퇴 ( “ manage , govern , administer ” ) .
敦 (eumhun 끊을 퇴 ( kkeuneul toe ) )
Hanja form? of 퇴 ( “ sever , cut off , put down ” ) .
敦 (eumhun 곱송 거릴 퇴 ( gopsonggeoril toe ) )
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation , then remove the text {{rfdef }}
.
敦 (eumhun 성낼 퇴 ( seongnael toe ) )
Hanja form? of 퇴 ( “ angry , furious ” ) .
敦 (eumhun 도타울 돈 ( dotaul don ) )
Hanja form? of 돈 ( “ esteem ” ) .
Hanja form? of 돈 ( “ honest , candid , sincere ” ) .
Vietnamese
Han character
敦 : Hán Việt readings: đôn (都 ( đô ) 昆 ( côn ) 切 ( thiết ) ) , dun
敦 : Nôm readings: đon , run , xôn , xun , đôn , giun , dun , don , dồn , ton , rủn , gion , chon , trôn , đun , dôn , giôn , đùn , đũn , dún
Nôm form of run ( “ to tremble ; to shiver ” ) .
References