断る

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
ことわ
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
斷る (kyūjitai)
断わる

Etymology

Originally a compound of (koto, words) +‎ 割る (waru, split).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「断る
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
断る とわ
Imperative (命令形) 断れ とわ
Key constructions
Passive 断られる とわられ
Causative 断らせる とわらせ
Potential 断れる とわれ
Volitional 断ろう とわろ
Negative 断らない とわらない
Negative perfective 断らなかった とわらなかった
Formal 断ります とわりま
Perfective 断った とわった
Conjunctive 断って とわって
Hypothetical conditional 断れば とわれば

Verb

(ことわ) (kotowarutransitive godan (stem (ことわ) (kotowari), past (ことわ)った (kotowatta))

  1. to refuse, to reject, to turn down
    だが(ことわ)
    daga kotowaru
    But I refuse.
  2. to announce in advance, especially to ask for permission
    (ほん)(だい)(はい)(まえ)(ことわ)っておく
    hondai ni hairu mae ni kotowatte oku
    to give some notices before coming to the main topic

Conjugation

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN