方言

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Chinese

 
square; quadrilateral; place
square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just
 
to speak; to say; talk
to speak; to say; talk; word
simp. and trad.
(方言) 		方 言
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Pronunciation

Rime
Character 方 言
Reading # 2/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 陽 (106) 元 (65)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 府良切 語軒切
Baxter pjang ngjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʉɐŋ/ /ŋɨɐn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʷiɐŋ/ /ŋiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piuɑŋ/ /ŋiɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puaŋ/ /ŋɨan/
Li
Rong 		/piuaŋ/ /ŋiɐn/
Wang
Li 		/pĭwaŋ/ /ŋĭɐn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/piwaŋ/ /ŋɨ̯ɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fāng yán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fong1 jin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 方 言
Reading # 1/3 3/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fāng yán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjang › ‹ ngjon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C-paŋ/ /*ŋa/
English square speak; speech

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 方 言
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 3023 14271
Phonetic
component 		方 言
Rime
group 		陽 元
Rime
subdivision 		0 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		方 言
Old
Chinese 		/*paŋ/ /*ŋan/
Notes 甲金文象槳即榜初文，
下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆

Noun

方言

  1. (linguistics) dialect; topolect; regional language variety
    天津方言  ―  Tiānjīn fāngyán  ―  Tianjin dialect (a dialect of Mandarin Chinese)
    廣州方言／广州方言  ―  Guǎngzhōu fāngyán  ―  Guangzhou Cantonese
    方言詞彙／方言词汇  ―  fāngyán cíhuì  ―  dialectal vocabulary
    德語方言／德语方言  ―  Déyǔ fāngyán  ―  German dialects
    《方言集釋》／《方言集释》  ―  “Fāngyán Jíshì”  ―  Collection and Explanation of Regional Tongues (Korean Joseon-era compilation of Chinese, Korean, Mongolian, Manchu, and Japanese)
  2. (specifically) non-Standard Mandarin variety of Chinese (such as dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Min Nan, etc.)
    他在家說方言，在學校說普通話。 [MSC, trad.]
    他在家说方言，在学校说普通话。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā zài jiā shuō fāngyán, zài xuéxiào shuō pǔtōnghuà.
    He speaks the local dialect at home and Standard Mandarin at school.
  3. (religion) tongues
    方言的恩賜／方言的恩赐  ―  fāngyán de ēncì  ―  the gift of tongues
    說方言／说方言  ―  shuō fāngyán  ―  to speak in tongues

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “dialect”): (historical) 雅言 (yǎyán)

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (方言):

Proper noun

方言

  1. Fangyan (the first Chinese dictionary of dialectal terms, written by Han dynasty scholar Yang Xiong)

Verb

方言

  1. (literary) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 方,‎ 言 (yán): to open one's mouth to speak after a period of silence

Japanese

Kanji in this term
方 言
ほう
Grade: 2 		げん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

方(ほう)言(げん) • (hōgen) 

  1. a dialect; a provincialism

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
方言

Noun

方言 • (bang'eon) (hangeul 방언)

  1. Hanja form? of 방언 (“dialect, patois”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
方言

Noun

方言

  1. chữ Hán form of phương ngôn (“dialect”).
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