旦那

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
だん
Grade: S

Grade: S
goon
Alternative spelling
檀那

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 旦那 (MC tanH na), 檀那 (MC dan na), both used as transliterations of Sanskrit दान (dā́na, generosity, giving, donating).[1][2][3] Ultimately cognate with English donate and donor, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom.

Attested in Japanese since at least the 1000s.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

(だん)() (danna

  1. (Buddhism) generosity as one of the Buddhist perfections (पारमिता (pāramitā))
  2. (Buddhism) a donation of money, goods, or service to monks or a temple
  3. (Buddhism) a person who makes such a donation: a patron
  4. (archaic) in the Japanese medieval period, overnight visitors to a shrine or temple
    1. (archaic) by extension, a gentleman
  5. broadly, a patron, a husband, a master:
    1. (honorific) a master of servants, a boss of employees, the master of the house
    2. (honorific) by extension, an honorific for one's own or someone else's husband
      • Carolin Eckhardt, “7 Julia 日本のどこがお好きっ? [7: Julia, What Place in Japan Do You Like?]”, in 奥さま Guten(グーテン) Tag(ターク)! [Housewife Good Day!]‎ (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha:
        (だん)()(たか)(ゆき)はまだお()(ごと)(がん)()っているところですが、(わたし)(さき)にコーヒー()さんのアルバイトから()(たく)したところです
        Danna no Takayuki wa mada o-shigotoganbatte iru tokoro desu ga, watashi wa saki ni kōhī-ya-san no arubaito kara kitaku shita tokoro desu
        My husband Takayuki is still at work, I’ve just finished my part-time shift at a coffee shop
    3. (honorific) also by extension, used by shopkeepers to address a male customer or by an artisan to refer to one's own school or lineage
    4. (honorific) a term used by a concubine, mistress, or geisha to refer to one's own patron: a sugar daddy
    5. (honorific) a term used by female servants to refer to the mistress of the house

Usage notes

The husband, master, and patron senses may be the most commonly used meanings in modern Japanese.

When referring to another person's husband, this term is often suffixed with (sama) as 旦那様 (danna-sama).

The patron sense in Buddhist contexts is often spelled 檀那.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Idioms

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 檀那”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ 檀那”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN