曆

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See also: 暦 and 历
曆 U+66C6, 曆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66C6
← 曅
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 曇 →
曆 U+F98B, 曆
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98B
← 力
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 歷 →

Translingual

Traditional 曆
Shinjitai 暦
Simplified 历

Han character

曆 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一竹木日 (MHDA) or 一木日 (MDA), four-corner 71269, composition ⿸厤日)

Related characters

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 500, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14171
  • Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1536, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+66C6

Chinese

trad. 曆/歷
simp. 历*
alternative forms 暦
厤
𢍷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (秝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
秝 *reːɡ
歷 *reːɡ
曆 *reːɡ
磿 *reːɡ
靂 *reːɡ
癧 *reːɡ
櫪 *reːɡ
藶 *reːɡ
瀝 *reːɡ
攊 *reːɡ
厤 *reːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : phonetic 厤 (OC *reːɡ) + semantic 日 (“sun; day”).

Etymology

Derivative, meaning "calendar" < "calendrical calculations" (Shu), of 歷 (OC *rêk) "to calculate". See there for more.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • la̍h - vernacular;
  • lia̍k/le̍k - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 曆
Mandarin Beijing /li⁵¹/
Harbin /li⁵³/
Tianjin /li⁵³/
Jinan /li²¹/
Qingdao /li⁴²/
Zhengzhou /li²⁴/
Xi'an /li²¹/
Xining /l̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /li¹³/
Lanzhou /li¹³/
Ürümqi /li²¹³/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ni³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/
Kunming /li³¹/
Nanjing /li⁴⁴/
Hefei /liəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /liəʔ²/
Pingyao /liʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /liəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /liɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /liəʔ³/
Hangzhou /liəʔ²/
Wenzhou /lei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /li²²/
Tunxi /le¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /li²⁴/
Xiangtan /ni²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /liʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /lak̚⁵/
Taoyuan /lɑk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lek̚²/
Nanning /lek̚²²/
Hong Kong /lik̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /liʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /li²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /leʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /lek̚³/
Rime
Character 曆
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 錫 (127)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 郎擊切
Baxter lek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lek̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lek̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɛk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɛjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/lek̚/
Wang
Li 		/liek̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/liek̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 曆
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ˁek/
English calculate (astronomically)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 曆
Reading # 1/1
No. 7981
Phonetic
component 		秝
Rime
group 		錫
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		靂
Old
Chinese 		/*reːɡ/

Definitions

曆

  1. calendar

Compounds

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

暦

Kyūjitai

曆

Kanji

曆

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. calendar
  2. era

Readings

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 曆 (MC lek). Recorded as Middle Korean 력 (lyek) (Yale: lyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

曆 (eumhun 책력 력 (chaengnyeok ryeok), South Korea 책력 역 (chaengnyeok yeok))

  1. Hanja form? of 력/역 (“calendar”).

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

曆: Hán Việt readings: lịch
曆: Nôm readings: rếch, rích, rịch

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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