曉

Translingual

Han character

曉 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 日土土山 (AGGU), four-corner 6401₁, composition ⿰日堯)

Derived characters

• 䥵

Related characters

• 暁 (Japanese shinjitai)
• 晓 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 500, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14176
• Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1535, character 1
• Unihan data for U+66C9

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋeːwʔ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).

Pronunciation

Definitions

曉

1. dawn; daybreak

   破曉／破晓  ―  pòxiǎo  ―  dawn, daybreak; to dawn

   • 春眠不覺曉，處處聞啼鳥。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 孟浩然 (Meng Hao Ran), 春曉, 8^th century CE

     Chūn mián bùjué xiǎo, chùchù wén tí niǎo.

     Springtime, I've been asleep, unaware of dawning; everywhere, I hear birds calling.

2. to know; to understand; to get

   通曉／通晓  ―  tōngxiǎo  ―  to thoroughly understand

   • 唐話、本係難曉、各處有各處嘅土談 [Cantonese, trad.]
     唐话、本系难晓、各处有各处嘅土谈 [Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 粵音指南·上卷, 卷之一　應對須知

     tong⁴ waa^6-2, bun² hai⁶ naan⁴ hiu², gok³ cyu³ jau⁵ gok³ cyu³ ge³ tou² taam⁴

     Chinese is fundamentally difficult to understand; every region has its own dialect

3. (Hakka, including Huiyang Hakka, Huicheng dialect) will; would
   • (Can we date this quote?), “海南鷄飯”, 张少林 [Chong Sau Lin] (lyrics), 伍佰 [Wu Bai] (music)‎performed by 张少林 [Chong Sau Lin]:

     齐家吃开晓来称赞 [Malaysian Huiyang Hakka, simp.]
     齊家吃開曉來稱讚 [Malaysian Huiyang Hakka, trad.]

     After eating it, everyone would come to applaud

4. a surname

Synonyms

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 暁)

1. Kyūjitai form of 暁

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←けう (keu, historical)}
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō)^{←けう (keu, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←げう (geu, historical)}
• Kun: あかつき (akatsuki, 曉); さとる (satoru, 曉る)
• Nanori: あき (aki); あきら (akira); あけ (ake); さとし (satoshi); とき (toki); とし (toshi)

Definitions

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 曉 (MC xewX).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

曉

Wikisource

曉 (eumhun 새벽 효 (saebyeok hyo))

1. Hanja form^? of 효 (“dawn”).

Compounds

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Old Japanese

Etymology

From 明か (aka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 明く (aku), “to open”) +‎ 時 (to₂ki₁, “time, moment, hour”).

Noun

曉 (akato₂ki₁) (kana あかとき)

1. the dawn, daybreak
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 18, poem 4084:
     , text here

     安可登吉爾名能里奈久奈流保登等藝須伊夜米豆良之久於毛保由流香母

     akato₂ki₁ ni nano₂ri nakunaru poto₂to₂gi₁su iya medurasiku omopoyuru ka mo

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Coordinate terms

• 夕へ (yupupe₁, “twilight”)
• 宵 (yo₂pi₁, “dusk-night hours”)
• 夜中 (yo₁naka, “midnight”)
• 朝 (asita, “next morning”)

Derived terms

• 曉降ち (akato₂ki₁kudati)
• 曉月夜 (akato₂ki₁-dukuyo₁)
• 曉露 (akato₂ki₁tuyu)
• 曉闇 (akato₂ki₁yami₂)

Descendants

• Japanese: 暁 (akatsuki)

References

Vietnamese

Han character

曉: Hán Nôm readings: hẻo, hểu, hiểu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.