曲る

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
曲
きょく
Grade: 3
kan’on

A denominal verb, from noun 曲 (kyoku, “something off, bent, or not quite right”) +‎ る (-ru, generic verb-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

Verb

曲(きょく)る • (kyokuru) †yodan

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) to tease, to make fun of, to make a fool of, to ridicule, to mock
    Synonyms: からかう (karakau), ひやかす (hiyakasu), ちゃかす (chakasu)
  2. (archaic, possibly obsolete) to joke around, to kid, to talk around a subject; to speak kindly or gently
  3. (archaic, possibly obsolete) to perform an acrobatic stunt or trick

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "曲る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 曲ら きょくら kyokura
Continuative (連用形) 曲り きょくり kyokuri
Terminal (終止形) 曲る きょくる kyokuru
Attributive (連体形) 曲る きょくる kyokuru
Realis (已然形) 曲れ きょくれ kyokure
Imperative (命令形) 曲れ きょくれ kyokure
Key constructions
Negative 曲らず きょくらず kyokurazu
Contrasting conjunction 曲れど きょくれど kyokuredo
Causal conjunction 曲れば きょくれば kyokureba
Conditional conjunction 曲らば きょくらば kyokuraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 曲りき きょくりき kyokuriki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 曲りけり きょくりけり kyokurikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 曲りつ きょくりつ kyokuritu
Perfect tense (natural event) 曲りぬ きょくりぬ kyokurinu
Perfect-continuative tense 曲れり
曲りたり		 きょくれり
きょくりたり		 kyokureri
kyokuritari
Volitional 曲らむ きょくらむ kyokuramu

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
曲
ま(が)
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Uncommon variant spelling for 曲がる (magaru), omitting the が (ga) from the okurigana.

For pronunciation and definitions of 曲る – see the following entry.
【曲まがる】
to bend, to curve, to warp, to wind, to twist
to turn
to be awry, to be askew, to be crooked
(This term, 曲る, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.)

References

  1. ^ “曲”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^ “曲る”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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