曷
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Translingual
Han character
曷 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日心女人 (APVO), four-corner 60727, composition ⿱曰匃)
Derived characters
- 偈 喝 堨 嵑 幆 㡫 愒 揭 暍 楬 渴 㷎 㹇 猲 㿣 碣 䅥 竭 褐 䋵 羯 蝎 謁(谒) 輵(𬨍) 鍻 鞨 餲(𮩝) 馤 騔(𩨀) 齃 朅 遏
- 㓭 㔠 歇 毼 䫘 鶡(鹖) 䦪 䈓 葛 䨠 㬞
- 𩩲 𥃞 𣍊 𤣨 𤸎
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 502, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14290
- Dae Jaweon: page 874, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1502, character 10
- Unihan data for U+66F7
Chinese
| trad. | 曷 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 曷 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 曷 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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|
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 愒 | *kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad |
| 馤 | *qaːds |
| 靄 | *qaːds, *qaːd |
| 餲 | *qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd |
| 喝 | *qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd |
| 揭 | *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad |
| 偈 | *ɡrads, *ɡrad |
| 猲 | *kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad |
| 葛 | *kaːd |
| 輵 | *kaːd |
| 獦 | *klaːd, *rab |
| 渴 | *kʰaːd, *ɡrad |
| 嵑 | *kʰaːd |
| 暍 | *qʰaːd, *qad |
| 曷 | *ɡaːd |
| 褐 | *ɡaːd |
| 鶡 | *ɡaːd |
| 毼 | *ɡaːd |
| 蝎 | *ɡaːd |
| 鞨 | *ɡaːd, *ɢljad |
| 遏 | *qaːd |
| 齃 | *qaːd |
| 堨 | *qaːd |
| 擖 | *kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb |
| 楬 | *kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 朅 | *kʰrad |
| 藒 | *kʰrad |
| 竭 | *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 碣 | *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 羯 | *kad |
| 鍻 | *kad |
| 歇 | *qʰad |
| 蠍 | *qʰad |
| 謁 | *qad |
Shuowen Jiezi: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaːd) : phonetic 匃 () + semantic 曰
Etymology
Cognate with 何 (OC *ɡaːl, “what; where; why; how”). See there for more.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hé
- Wade–Giles: ho2
- Yale: hé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
- Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hot3 / hot6
- Yale: hot / hoht
- Cantonese Pinyin: hot8 / hot9
- Guangdong Romanization: hod3 / hod6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔːt̚³/, /hɔːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: hat
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ˤat/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːd/
Definitions
曷
- † why; what; where; how; when
- 汝曷弗告朕，而胥動以浮言，恐沈于眾？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
- Rǔ hé fú gào zhèn, ér xū dòng yǐ fúyán, kǒng shěn yú zhòng?
- Why do you not report (their words) to me, but go about to excite one another by empty speeches, frightening and involving the multitudes in misery?
汝曷弗告朕，而胥动以浮言，恐沈于众？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 為什麼 (“why”)
Dialectal synonyms of 什麼時候 (“when”)
Compounds
References
- “曷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Query for 曷”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
Kanji
曷
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
曷 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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