| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 替 |
| か Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese かふ (kapu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Cognate with 変える (kaeru), 代える (kaeru) and 換える (kaeru).
替える • (kaeru) ←かへる (kaferu)?transitive ichidan (stem 替え (kae), past 替えた (kaeta))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 替える |
| mediopassive | 替わる |
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 替え | かえ | kae | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 替え | かえ | kae | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 替える | かえる | kaeru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 替える | かえる | kaeru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 替えれ | かえれ | kaere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 替えよ¹ 替えろ² |
かえよ¹ かえろ² |
kaeyo¹ kaero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 替えられる | かえられる | kaerareru | |
| Causative | 替えさせる 替えさす |
かえさせる かえさす |
kaesaseru kaesasu | |
| Potential | 替えられる 替えれる³ |
かえられる かえれる³ |
kaerareru kaereru³ | |
| Volitional | 替えよう | かえよう | kaeyō | |
| Negative | 替えない 替えぬ 替えん |
かえない かえぬ かえん |
kaenai kaenu kaen | |
| Negative continuative | 替えず | かえず | kaezu | |
| Formal | 替えます | かえます | kaemasu | |
| Perfective | 替えた | かえた | kaeta | |
| Conjunctive | 替えて | かえて | kaete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 替えれば | かえれば | kaereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||