未嘗

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See also: 未尝

Chinese

		not yet; 8th earthly branch; 1–3 p.m.	to taste; flavour; indicator of past tense to taste; flavour; indicator of past tense; already; ever; once; test; formerly
trad. (未嘗)		未	嘗
simp. (未尝)		未	尝

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wèicháng

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁶ soeng⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bī-sióng / bī-siáng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wèicháng
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wèicháng
  - Wade–Giles: wei⁴-chʻang²
  - Yale: wèi-cháng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weycharng
  - Palladius: вэйчан (vɛjčan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    未嘗 / 未尝
    胃腸 / 胃肠
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mei⁶ soeng⁴
  - Yale: meih sèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁶ soeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: méi⁶ sêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²² sœːŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-sióng
  - Tâi-lô: bī-sióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bixsiorng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bi²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-siáng
  - Tâi-lô: bī-siáng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bixsiarng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi²²⁻²¹ siaŋ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: mj+jH dzyang

Rime
Character	未	嘗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	微 (21)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	無沸切	市羊切
Baxter	mj+jH	dzyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉi^H/	/d͡ʑɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɨi^H/	/d͡ʑiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/miuəi^H/	/d͡ʑiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muj^H/	/d͡ʑɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/miuəi^H/	/ʑiaŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭwəi^H/	/ʑĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mwe̯i^H/	/ʑi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi	cháng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei⁶	soeng⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mt-s Cə.daŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*mɯds djaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	未	嘗
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wèi	cháng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjɨj^H ›	‹ dzyang ›
Old Chinese	/*mt-s/	/*Cə.daŋ/
English	not yet	taste (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	未	嘗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12917	11153
Phonetic component	未	尚
Rime group	隊	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	未	常
Old Chinese	/*mɯds/	/*djaŋ/
Notes	從屮從木與芔字同根，陳獨秀雲木上加屮象幼枝	同甞

Adverb

未嘗

(literary) not ever
- 君臣，未嘗相弒也；禮樂刑法政俗，未嘗相變也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  君臣，未尝相弑也；礼乐刑法政俗，未尝相变也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Jūnchén, wèicháng xiàng shì yě; lǐyuè xíngfǎ zhèngsú, wèicháng xiàng biàn yě.
  Its rulers and ministers never killed one another, Its rites, music, punishments, laws, governmental proceedings, manners and customs never changed.
- 先帝在時，每與臣論此事，未嘗不歎息痛恨於桓、靈也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 227 CE. 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 出師表
  Xiāndì zài shí, měi yǔ chén lùn cǐ shì, wèicháng bù tànxī tònghèn yú Huán, Líng yě.
  When the late Emperor was still alive, every time he discussed these matters with his servant, there was never a time when he did not sigh and feel distress and regret concerning the practices of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling.
(literary) not necessarily

Synonyms

(not ever): 不曾 (bùcéng), 未始 (wèishǐ), (Hokkien, Teochew) 毋捌 (m̄ bat)
(not necessarily):

不一定 (bùyīdìng)
不必 (bùbì)
不見得 / 不见得 (bùjiàndé)
唔一定 (m⁴ jat¹ ding⁶) (Cantonese)
未始 (wèishǐ) (literary)
未必 (wèibì)
未必然 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
未見得 / 未见得 (uei⁴ jienn⁴ de⁶) (Xiang)
無一定 / 无一定 (Hokkien)
無定著 / 无定着 (Min Nan)
無拄拄 / 无拄拄 (Hokkien)
無的確 / 无的确 (Min Nan)

References

“前出師表 [Former Memorial on the Case to Go to War]”, in Baidu Baike [Baidu Encyclopedia]‎ (in Chinese) (wiki), 2022 May 2, retrieved January 8, 2024

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