杖

杖 U+FA94, 杖 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA94 ← 望 CJK Compatibility Ideographs 歹 →

Translingual

Han character

杖 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木十大 (DJK), four-corner 4590₀, composition ⿰木丈)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 512, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14469
• Dae Jaweon: page 897, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1159, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6756

• Unihan data for U+FA94

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daŋʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 丈 (OC *daŋʔ).

Etymology

Thought to be the same word as 丈 (OC *daŋʔ) "gentleman, older man, husband", i.e. "someone who walks with, or leans on, a staff"; though unlikely.

According to Schuessler (2007), this is an areal word. Compare Mizo tiang (“staff, stick, crutch”), Old Khmer toŋ (“shaft, stock, shank”), -toṅa (“stock, stem, stick”), and Khmer ដង (dɑɑng, “pole, shaft, handle, yoke, body, trunk”). Benedict (1976) also compares this to Proto-Tai *de:ŋ ~ *tʰe:ŋ (“stick, bar”), Malay tiang (“pillar, post, pole”), Fijian ndia (“stick, handle”), and to reconstructed Proto-Austro-Tai *(n)ti(j)aŋ.

A derivative, attested in Zuozhuan as 杖 (zhàng), is the verb 仗 (OC *daŋs) "to lean on", with suffix *-s → *-h → 去聲／去声 (qùshēng).

Pronunciation

Definitions

杖

1. walking stick
2. staff; rod; cane; wand
3. (historical) flogging with a stick
4. ^† to flog (a prisoner)
5. ^† to support; to prop
6. ^† to hold; to grasp
7. ^† Alternative form of 仗 (zhàng, “to rely on; to depend on”)
8. (Eastern Min) Classifier for segments of sugarcane.

Compounds

Descendants

• → Mongolian: зан (zan), ᠵᠠᠩ (ǰaŋ)
• → Manchu: ᠵᠠᠩ (jang)

References

• “杖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• Go-on: じょう (jō)^{←ぢやう (dyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょう (chō)^{←ちやう (tyau, historical)}
• Kun: つえ (tsue, 杖)^{←つゑ (tuwe, 杖, historical)}

Etymology 1

⟨tuwe⟩ → /tuwe/ → /t͡suwe/ → /t͡suje/ → /t͡sue/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Alternative forms

• 筇, 丈

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つ​え (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

杖(つえ) • (tsue) ^{←つゑ (twe)?}

1. staff, stick, walking stick, cane, stave, strove, rod, wand
   • 2000 March 1, “古(こ)代(だい)魔(ま)導(どう)士(し)”, in BOOSTER 7, Konami:

     数(かず)多(おお)くの杖(つえ)を持(も)ち、それぞれを使(つか)い分(わ)け多(た)彩(さい)な攻(こう)撃(げき)をする。

     Kazuōku no tsue o mochi, sorezore o tsukaiwake tasai na kōgeki o suru.

     He wields an array of wands, each of which is used for a distinctive attack.

2. something one leans on, a support
3. a cane used for corporal punishment
4. a particularly shaped stirring stick used to make New Year's porridge

   Synonym: 粥杖 (kayuzue)

5. the stem of a pear
6. (historical) a traditional unit of length
   1. (historical) approximately 3 meters
   2. (historical) seven 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese foot) and five 寸 (sun, traditional Japanese inch), or approximately 2.3 meters
7. (historical) a traditional unit of area
   1. (historical) one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m²

Usage notes

The Japanese term tsue can refer generally to a stick or staff of various lengths, as expressed by the range of English meanings apparent in the senses above.

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 杖 (MC drjangX).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じょ​ー (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

杖(じょう) • (jō) ^{←ぢやう (dyau)?}

1. a jo: a fighting staff, a little over 4 尺 (shaku, “a traditional unit of measure, about 30 cm or a foot”) long, shorter than a 棒 (bō, “quarterstaff”)
2. (historical) under the ancient Ritsuryō system, caning as a form of corporal punishment
3. (historical) a traditional unit of area: one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m²

Coordinate terms

• 棒(ぼう) (bō): a bo staff

Compounds

• 錫(しゃく)杖(じょう) (shakujō): a khakkhara, a Buddhist monk's "sounding staff"
• 杖(じょう)道(どう) (jōdō): a traditional Japanese martial art using a shortened staff
• 杖(じょう)術(じゅつ) (jōjutsu): the techniques of jōdō, a traditional Japanese martial art using a shortened staff

References

• Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

杖

Wikisource

杖 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

杖: Hán Nôm readings: trượng, rường

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.