果

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

果 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 田木 (WD), four-corner 6090₄, composition ⿻日木)

Derived characters

• 倮, 𠵩, 堁, 婐, 㞅, 𡸖, 𢃦, 惈, 捰, 淉, 猓, 𨺁, 𣇫, 棵, 𣨪, 㷄, 𤖇, 𬌡, 𬍯, 腂, 𥚌, 𥇬, 䂺, 祼, 稞, 裸, 粿, 綶, 𦖍, 蜾, 𠒪, 𠪧, 㚌, 𭽝, 課(课), 踝, 躶, 輠, 𪳨, 錁(锞), 𣛕, 𩋗, 餜(馃), 騍(骒), 髁, 𩸄(𫚝), 䴹, 𬹮
• 𭄰, 𠜴, 𢒙, 𢻔, 敤, 㪙, 𭮲, 𣮔, 𤔖, 𭪥, 𤬁, 㼫, 𭪻, 𭪹, 𬃻, 夥, 𣛤, 顆(颗), 𪳿, 𣜢, 𣞅, 𪂠, 𣡙
• 褁, 𮖐, 𣡗, 𣡚, 巢, 巣, 菓, 𢑥, 彙, 彚, 𫉂, 窠, 𭯃, 𧁸, 𡱼, 㾧, 𪋊, 𨵚, 臝, 裹

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 516, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14556
• Dae Jaweon: page 904, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1168, character 11
• Unihan data for U+679C

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 果
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – fruit on a tree.

Etymology 1

Possibly related to 卵 (OC *ɡ·roːlʔ, *ɡ·roːnʔ, “egg”) (Sagart and Ma, 2020).

Pronunciation

Definitions

果

1. fruit

   水果  ―  shuǐguǒ  ―  fruit

   蘋果／苹果  ―  píngguǒ  ―  apple

2. result

   結果／结果  ―  jiéguǒ  ―  result

   後果／后果  ―  hòuguǒ  ―  consequence

3. sure enough; really

   果然  ―  guǒrán  ―  as expected

   果真  ―  guǒzhēn  ―  really

   • 言者有言，其所言者特未定也。果有言邪？ [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Yán zhě yǒu yán, qí suǒ yán zhě tè wèi dìng yě. Guǒ yǒu yán yé?

     The speaker has (a meaning in) his words. If, however, what he says, be indeterminate (as from a mind not made up), does he then really speak or not?

4. determined

   果敢  ―  guǒgǎn  ―  resolute and courageous

5. to fill

   果腹  ―  guǒfù  ―  to fill one's stomach

6. to come true

   不果  ―  bùguǒ  ―  to be unsuccessful

   • 南陽劉子驥，高尚士也，聞之，欣然親往。未果，尋病終。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     南阳刘子骥，高尚士也，闻之，欣然亲往。未果，寻病终。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Peach Blossom Spring (桃花源記), by Tao Yuanming, 421 (Wiktionary translation)

     Nányáng Liú Zǐjì, gāoshàng shì yě, wén zhī, xīnrán qīn wǎng. Wèiguǒ, xún bìng zhōng.

     Liu Ziji of Nanyang was a noble scholar who heard of this, and joyously set out for it, but to no avail; he died of illness shortly afterwards.

7. (literary) finally; at last

   • 晉侯在外十九年矣，而果得晉國。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     晋侯在外十九年矣，而果得晋国。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Jìn hóu zàiwài shíjiǔ nián yǐ, ér guǒ dé Jìnguó.

     Duke Wen of Jin was exiled from Jin for nineteen years, and yet still became the King of Jin in the end.

8. (literary) actually

   Synonyms: 究竟 (jiūjìng), 終究／终究 (zhōngjiū)

   • 夫當今生民之患，果安在哉？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夫当今生民之患，果安在哉？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1061, 蘇軾 (Su Shi), 教戰守策

     Fú dāngjīn shēngmín zhī huàn, guǒ ān zài zāi?

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

9. (literary) if indeed; if
10. a surname

Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

References

• “果”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
• Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
• Kun: はたす (hatasu, 果たす, Jōyō); はたす (hatasu, 果す); はてる (hateru, 果てる, Jōyō); はて (hate, 果て, Jōyō); くだもの (kudamono, 果)
• Nanori: み (mi); あきら (akira); はた (hata); はたす (hatasu); まさる (masaru)

Compounds

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

果

Wikipedia ^ja

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 果 (kuɑ^X).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) か​ (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Counter

果(か) • (-ka) ^{←くわ (kwa)?}

1. pieces of fruit

Noun

果(か) • (ka) ^{←くわ (kwa)?}

1. fruit
2. (Buddhism) phala, attained state, result
3. (Buddhism) enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice)

See also

• 因(いん) (in): cause, factor
• 悟(さと)り (satori): Buddhist enlightenment

References

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

果

Wikisource

果 (eumhun 열매 과 (yeolmae gwa))

1. Hanja form^? of 과 (“fruit”).
2. Hanja form^? of 과 (“result”).

Compounds

Old Korean

Particle

果 (*-kwa)

1. and; with (comitative case marker; attached to multiple connected nouns)
   • c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Humane King Sutra:

     等^果惠^果灌頂^果叱三品士^隱

     *TUNG-kwa HYEY-kwa KWANTYENG-kwa-s SAMPHWUMSO-n

     As for the three gentlemen of Dengguan and Huiguang and Guanding

     (N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms.)

Usage notes

果 follows the grammatical rules of its Middle Korean descendant, which differ from Modern Korean usage. Thus it may be followed by other case markers, such as 叱. Furthermore, in both Old and Middle Korean, "A and B" is expressed as A-kwa B-kwa, instead of Modern Korean A-kwa B.

Unlike in Middle and Modern Korean, 果 did not take any allomorph following a vowel. The Middle Korean allomorph 와 (Yale: -Gwa) was produced by the lenition of Old Korean *k to /ɣ/ between vowels.

Descendants

• Middle Korean: 과 (-kwa)
  • Korean: 과 (-gwa)
• Middle Korean: 와 (-Gwa) (allomorph following a vowel, produced by intervocalic lenition of *-k)
  • Korean: 와 (-wa)

See also

• 利 (*-li, intimate connective particle)

References

• 이승재 (Lee Seung-jae) (2000) “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [Chaja pyogi jaryo-ui gyeokjosa yeon'gu, Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography ]”, in Gugeo Gukmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132

Vietnamese

Han character

果: Hán Nôm readings: quả, hủ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.