柴
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See also: 茈
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Translingual
Han character
柴 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜心木 (YPD), four-corner 21904, composition ⿱此木)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 521, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14664
- Dae Jaweon: page 909, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1197, character 11
- Unihan data for U+67F4
Chinese
| trad. | 柴 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 柴 | |
| alternative forms | 茈 𡍥 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 柴 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 些 | *saːls, *sjaːl, *seːs |
| 跐 | *ʔsreːʔ, *ʔseʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ʔsreʔ |
| 柴 | *zreː |
| 祡 | *zreː |
| 茈 | *zreː, *ʔseʔ, *ze |
| 眦 | *zreːs |
| 砦 | *zraːds |
| 寨 | *zraːds, *slɯːɡ |
| 啙 | *ʔseː, *zeːʔ, *ʔseʔ |
| 泚 | *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ |
| 玼 | *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ze |
| 皉 | *sʰeːʔ |
| 鮆 | *zeːʔ, *ʔse |
| 眥 | *zeːs, *zes |
| 貲 | *ʔse |
| 髭 | *ʔse |
| 頾 | *ʔse |
| 訾 | *ʔse, *ʔseʔ |
| 鴜 | *ʔse, *ze |
| 鈭 | *ʔse, *sʰe |
| 姕 | *ʔse, *sʰe, *ze |
| 觜 | *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ |
| 紫 | *ʔseʔ |
| 訿 | *ʔseʔ |
| 呰 | *ʔseʔ |
| 嘴 | *ʔseʔ |
| 雌 | *sʰe |
| 此 | *sʰeʔ |
| 佌 | *sʰeʔ, *seʔ |
| 庛 | *sʰes |
| 疵 | *ze |
| 骴 | *ze, *zes |
| 胔 | *ze, *zes |
| 飺 | *ze |
| 齜 | *ʔsre |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zreː) : phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 木.
Etymology 1
Perhaps related to 槎 (OC *zraːl, *zraːlʔ, “to cut trees”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Khmer ឈើ (chəə, “wood”) (ibid.).
On the other hand, the Min forms (e.g. Jian'ou châu, Fuzhou chà, Xiamen chhâ) are from 樵 (OC *zew).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): caai4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhài
- Jin (Wiktionary): cai1
- Northern Min (KCR): châu
- Eastern Min (BUC): chà
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ca2 / cor2 / cai2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6za
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄞˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chái
- Wade–Giles: chʻai2
- Yale: chái
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chair
- Palladius: чай (čaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caai4
- Yale: chàaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai4
- Guangdong Romanization: cai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːi̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhài
- Hakka Romanization System: caiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cai2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: cai1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰai¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: châu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰau³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chà
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰa⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ca2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰa¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cor2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɒ¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cai2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰai¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- ca2 - vernacular;
- cor2 - vernacular;
- cai2 - literary.
- Southern Min
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
- chhâ - vernacular;
- chhâi - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: dzrea
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ˤre(j)/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zreː/
Definitions
柴
- faggot; bundle of sticks bound together (as fuel)
- firewood; brushwood; wood
- (obsolete) to burn firewood and worship heaven
- 既事而退，柴於上帝，祈於社，設奠於牧室。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Jì shì ér tuì, chái yú Shàngdì, qí yú shè, shè diàn yú Mù shì.
- When he withdrew after the victory, he reared a burning pile to God; prayed at the altar of the earth; and set forth his offerings in the house of Mu.
既事而退，柴于上帝，祈于社，设奠于牧室。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (dialectal) bony; skinny
- (dialectal, of food, particularly meat) tough and dry (as opposed to tender and succulent); stringy; hard to chew
- (dialectal) no good; poor; inferior
- (Min) slow and inarticulate; dull
- a surname
Synonyms
- (wood):
Dialectal synonyms of 木頭 (“wood; log; timber”)
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 木頭 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 木頭 |
| Taiwan | 木頭 | |
| Singapore | 木頭 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 木頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 木頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 木頭 |
| Wuhan | 木頭 | |
| Guilin | 木頭 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 木頭 |
| Hefei | 木頭 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 木 |
| Hong Kong | 木 | |
| Yangjiang | 木頭 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 木頭 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 樹料, 木頭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 木頭 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 柴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 柴 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 柴 |
| Taipei (Wanhua) | 柴 | |
| Kaohsiung | 柴 | |
| Yilan | 柴 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 柴 | |
| Taichung | 柴 | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 柴 | |
| Tainan | 柴 | |
| Taitung | 柴 | |
| Hsinchu | 柴 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 柴 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 柴 | |
| Chaozhou | 柴 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 木頭 |
| Wenzhou | 木頭, 樹 log | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 木頭 |
| Shuangfeng | 樹 | |
Compounds
- 乾柴 / 干柴
- 乾柴烈火 / 干柴烈火
- 倒了柴
- 劈柴
- 如柴
- 安全火柴 (ānquán huǒchái)
- 引柴 (yǐnchái)
- 打柴 (dǎchái)
- 打柴 (dǎchái)
- 拉柴
- 撿柴 / 捡柴 (jiǎnchái)
- 木柴 (mùchái)
- 杜茅柴
- 柴刀 (cháidāo)
- 柴家廟 / 柴家庙 (Cháijiāmiào)
- 柴寮
- 柴市
- 柴心兒 / 柴心儿 (cháixīnr)
- 柴房
- 柴扉 (cháifēi)
- 柴望
- 柴木 (cháimù)
- 柴桑
- 柴棘
- 柴棍 (cháigùn)
- 柴榮 / 柴荣
- 柴毀 / 柴毁
- 柴毀滅性 / 柴毁灭性
- 柴毀骨立 / 柴毁骨立
- 柴水
- 柴油 (cháiyóu)
- 柴油機 / 柴油机 (cháiyóujī)
- 柴湖 (Cháihú)
- 柴溝堡 / 柴沟堡 (Cháigōubǔ)
- 柴火 (cháihuo)
- 柴瘠
- 柴禾 (cháihé)
- 柴窯 / 柴窑
- 柴立不阿
- 柴米 (cháimǐ)
- 柴米夫妻
- 柴米油鹽 / 柴米油盐 (cháimǐyóuyán)
- 柴米油鹽醬醋茶 / 柴米油盐酱醋茶 (chái mǐ yóu yán jiàng cù chá)
- 柴胡 (cháihú)
- 柴荊 / 柴荆
- 柴草 (cháicǎo)
- 柴荒米貴 / 柴荒米贵
- 柴薪 (cháixīn)
- 柴車 / 柴车
- 柴達木河 / 柴达木河
- 柴門 / 柴门 (cháimén)
- 柴門霍夫 / 柴门霍夫
- 柴雞 / 柴鸡 (cháijī)
- 柴頭 / 柴头
- 柴魚 / 柴鱼 (cháiyú)
- 滿口胡柴 / 满口胡柴
- 火柴 (huǒchái)
- 烈火乾柴 / 烈火干柴
- 燔柴 (fánchái)
- 瓜柴
- 瘦骨如柴
- 砍柴 (kǎnchái)
- 稱柴而爨 / 称柴而爨
- 老樹枯柴 / 老树枯柴
- 胡柴 (húchái)
- 胸中柴棘
- 茅柴
- 茅柴酒
- 荊柴 / 荆柴
- 骨瘦如柴 (gǔshòurúchái)
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhài
- Wade–Giles: chai4
- Yale: jài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jay
- Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zaai6
- Yale: jaaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai6
- Guangdong Romanization: zai6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
柴
- † to fence; to surround and protect with fence (made of wood)
- † to cover; to place something over
- † to stop; to block; to obstruct
- † Alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “defending fence”)
- † Alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “villa”)
Compounds
Etymology 2
From English chevron (Leung, 2018).
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caai4
- Yale: chàaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai4
- Guangdong Romanization: cai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːi̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
柴
Compounds
Further reading
- “Entry #6101”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
Kanji
柴
Readings
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柴 |
| しば Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Noun
Proper noun
- a surname
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
柴 • (si, chae) (hangeul 시, 채, revised si, chae, McCune–Reischauer si, ch'ae, Yale si, chay)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
柴: Hán Nôm readings: sài, thầy, thài, thày, sầy, xầy
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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