栴檀

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Chinese

phonetic
simp. and trad.
(栴檀) 		栴 檀
alternative forms 旃檀
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Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit चन्दन (candana, “sandalwood”), possibly via Prakrit 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀡 (caṃdaṇa) with syncope of the unstable final -a (see Bailey, 1946); cf. cognate in Tocharian B cantāṃ.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 栴 檀
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 仙 (77) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 諸延切 徒干切
Baxter tsyen dan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiᴇn/ /dɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiɛn/ /dɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjæn/ /dɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cian/ /dan/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiɛn/ /dɑn/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭɛn/ /dɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯ɛn/ /dʱɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhān tán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zin1 taan4

Noun

栴檀

  1. sandalwood
  2. bead tree

Synonyms

  • (sandalwood): 檀香 (tánxiāng)
  • (bead tree):
Dialectal synonyms of 楝 (“bead tree”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 楝, 楝樹, 苦楝, 苦楝樹
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 苦楝, 苦楝樹, 楝樹, 苦苓
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 苦楝子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 苦楝子
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 楝樹
Xi'an 苦楝子樹
Xuzhou 楝棗子, 楝棗樹
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 苦楝子
Wuhan 楝樹
Guiyang 苦楝子
Liuzhou 苦楝樹
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 楝樹, 苦楝樹, 苦楝
Yangzhou 楝樹, 苦楝樹
Cantonese Guangzhou 森樹
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 苦楝
Macau 苦楝
Guangzhou (Panyu) 森樹
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 苦楝
Guangzhou (Conghua) 苦楝樹
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 森樹
Foshan 森樹
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 森樹
Foshan (Shunde) 森樹
Foshan (Sanshui) 森樹
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 古楝
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 森樹
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 苦楝樹
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 森樹
Zhuhai (Doumen) 森樹
Jiangmen (Baisha) 森樹
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 苦楝
Taishan 苦楝
Enping (Niujiang) 苦楝
Heshan (Yayao) 苦楝
Dongguan 火楝樹
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 火楝樹
Qingyuan 森樹
Fogang 苦楝, 森木
Yingde (Hanguang) 苦楝樹
Yangshan 苦楝樹
Lianshan (Butian) 苦楝
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 苦楝
Shaoguan 苦楝樹
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 苦楝樹
Renhua 苦楝樹
Lechang 苦楝樹
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 苦林森
Sihui 苦楝樹
Guangning 火楝樹
Deqing 森木樹
Huaiji 火楝杵
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 苦楝
Yunfu 苦楝森
Xinxing 苦楝森
Luoding 苦楝
Yunan (Pingtai) 禾鐮樹
Xinyi 苦楝木
Gan Nanchang 苦楝子樹
Lichuan 苦楝樹
Pingxiang 苦楝子樹
Hakka Meixian 苦楝樹
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 苦楝樹
Dongguan (Qingxi) 苦楝樹
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 苦楝樹
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 鴨仔樹
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 苦楝
Yudu 苦楝樹, 麻風樹
Ruijin 苦楝樹
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 苦楝樹, 苦楝
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 苦楝
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 苦楝樹, 苦楝
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 苦楝樹, 苦楝
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 苦楝樹, 苦楝
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 苦楝樹, 苦楝
Huizhou Jixi 苦楝樹
Jin Taiyuan 苦楝樹
Eastern Min Fuzhou 苦楝
Southern Min Zhangzhou 楝少仔
Taipei 苦楝
New Taipei (Sanxia) 苦楝
Kaohsiung 苦楝仔
Yilan 苦楝
Changhua (Lukang) 苦楝
Taichung 苦楝仔
Tainan 苦楝
Hsinchu 苦楝仔
Kinmen 苦楝
Penghu (Magong) 苦楝
Jieyang 苦楝
Leizhou 苦楝樹
Haikou 苦楝樹
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 森木
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 森木, 森木樹
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 苦楝根
Wu Shanghai 楝樹
Shanghai (Chongming) 楝樹
Hangzhou 楝樹
Ningbo 楝樹
Wenzhou 苦楝樹
Jinhua 楝樹
Xiang Changsha 苦楝子樹

Japanese

Kanji in this term
栴 檀
せん
Hyōgai 		だん
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi goon
 Melia azedarach on Wikipedia
 センダン on Japanese Wikipedia

Pronunciation

Noun

栴(せん)檀(だん) or 栴檀(センダン) • (sendan) 

  1. bead tree (Melia azedarach)
    Synonym: 楝 (ōchi)
  2. Synonym of 白檀 (byakudan, “white sandalwood, Santalum album”)

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

See also

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
栴檀

Noun

栴檀 • (jeondan) (hangeul 전단)

  1. hanja form? of ] (“(Buddhism) sandalwood”)
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