格闘

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See also: 格鬥 and 格斗

Japanese

Kanji in this term
格 闘
かく
Grade: 5 		とう
Grade: S
kan’on
Alternative spellings
格鬭 (kyūjitai)
挌闘 (dated)
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Etymology

格 is a daiyōji replacing 挌.

Pronunciation

Noun

格(かく)闘(とう) • (kakutō) 

  1. the act of fighting each other; a fight or grapple
  2. tackling a difficult problem

Derived terms

Verb

格(かく)闘(とう)する • (kakutō suru) intransitive suru (stem 格(かく)闘(とう)し (kakutō shi), past 格(かく)闘(とう)した (kakutō shita))

  1. fight, scuffle
    自分(じぶん)のシッポと格闘(かくとう)する猫(ねこ)
    jibun no shippo to kakutō suru neko
    a cat scuffling with its own tail
  2. struggle with a problem
    差別(さべつ)と格闘(かくとう)する
    sabetsu to kakutō suru
    tackle discrimination

Conjugation

Conjugation of "格闘する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 格闘し かくとうし kakutō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 格闘し かくとうし kakutō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 格闘する かくとうする kakutō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 格闘する かくとうする kakutō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 格闘すれ かくとうすれ kakutō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 格闘せよ¹
格闘しろ² 		かくとうせよ¹
かくとうしろ² 		kakutō seyo¹
kakutō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 格闘される かくとうされる kakutō sareru
Causative 格闘させる
格闘さす 		かくとうさせる
かくとうさす 		kakutō saseru
kakutō sasu
Potential 格闘できる かくとうできる kakutō dekiru
Volitional 格闘しよう かくとうしよう kakutō shiyō
Negative 格闘しない かくとうしない kakutō shinai
Negative continuative 格闘せず かくとうせず kakutō sezu
Formal 格闘します かくとうします kakutō shimasu
Perfective 格闘した かくとうした kakutō shita
Conjunctive 格闘して かくとうして kakutō shite
Hypothetical conditional 格闘すれば かくとうすれば kakutō sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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