桶

桶	U+6876, 桶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6876

← 桵

CJK Unified Ideographs

桷 →

Translingual

Han character

桶 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 木弓戈月 (DNIB), four-corner 4792₇, composition ⿰木甬)

Derived characters

𮅸

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 527, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14811
Dae Jaweon: page 916, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1222, character 6
Unihan data for U+6876

Chinese

simp. and trad.		桶

Wikipedia has articles on:

桶 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
桶 (Wu)
Barrel (English)

Wikipedia has articles on:

桶 (单位) (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Barrel (unit) (English)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 桶
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
通	*l̥ʰoːŋ
俑	l̥ʰoːŋ, loŋʔ
蓪	*l̥ʰoːŋ
桶	l̥ʰoːŋʔ, l'oːŋʔ
捅	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛	*l̥ʰoːŋs
筩	*l'oːŋ
誦	*ljoŋs
傭	l̥ʰoŋ, loŋ
慵	*ɦljoŋ
鱅	ɦljoŋ, loŋ
滽	*loŋ
墉	*loŋ
鏞	*loŋ
鄘	*loŋ
槦	*loŋ
銿	*loŋ
甬	*loŋʔ
勇	*loŋʔ
涌	*loŋʔ
踊	*loŋʔ
蛹	*loŋʔ
恿	*loŋʔ
慂	*loŋʔ
悀	*loŋʔ
埇	*loŋʔ
踴	*loŋʔ
庸	*loŋ
用	*loŋs
佣	*loŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ).

Etymology

Unclear; compare Khmer ថាំង (thang), Thai ถัง (tǎng), which would suggest an areal word. See also Chepang (dʰuŋ, “container, pot-shaped storage basket”) (Schuessler, 2007), as well as perhaps Burmese တောင်း (taung:, “basket”).

However, the Old Chinese reconstructions make a formal relation difficult, and any borrowings would have to be from the Middle Chinese period and after. For potential inherited cognates, note instead similarities with Burmese လှောင် (hlaung, “to store up, shut up”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): tǒng (tong³)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tong³

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): tòng

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): tǒn
Cantonese (Jyutping): tung²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thúng

(Meixian, Guangdong): tung³
Northern Min (KCR): tǒ̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): tūng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tháng / thóng

(Teochew, Peng'im): tang²
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶don / ³thon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tǒng
  - Wade–Giles: tʻung³
  - Yale: tǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: toong
  - Palladius: тун (tun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: tong³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ⁵³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: tòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰuəŋ⁵³/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: tǒn
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): ton³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: tung²
  - Yale: túng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tung²
  - Guangdong Romanization: tung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thúng
  - Hakka Romanization System: tung^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tung³
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tung³
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰʊŋ³¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tǒ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tūng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰuŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tháng
  - Tâi-lô: tháng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tarng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /tʰaŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰaŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tʰaŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Singapore): /tʰaŋ⁴²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thóng
  - Tâi-lô: thóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: torng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁵³/

Note:

tháng - vernacular;
thóng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: tang²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tháng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ⁵²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ⁶don
  - MiniDict: don^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³don
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /doŋ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /doŋ²³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /doŋ¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /doŋ¹¹³/
- (Northern: Changzhou, Jingjiang, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ³thon
  - MiniDict: thon^上
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /tʰoŋ⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jingjiang): /tʰoŋ³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /tʰoŋ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: thuwngX, duwngX

Rime
Character	桶	桶
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	他孔切	徒揔切
Baxter	thuwngX	duwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuŋ^X/	/duŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuŋ^X/	/duŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuŋ^X/	/duŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰəwŋ^X/	/dəwŋ^X/
Li Rong	/tʰuŋ^X/	/duŋ^X/
Wang Li	/tʰuŋ^X/	/duŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰuŋ^X/	/dʱuŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tǒng	dòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung²	dung⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤoŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰoːŋʔ/, /*l'oːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	桶
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tǒng
Middle Chinese	‹ thuwng^X ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁoŋʔ/
English	bucket
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	桶	桶
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	15431	15435
Phonetic component	用	用
Rime group	東	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	侗	動
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰoːŋʔ/	/*l'oːŋʔ/

Definitions

桶

pail; bucket; tub
cask; keg
barrel (unit)
(Philippine Hokkien) million
一桶 ― chi̍t-tháng ― one million

Synonyms

(bucket): (Hokkien) 桶仔, 桶奇
(million): 百萬／百万 (bǎiwàn); (Dungan) миллион (million); (Hokkien) 面桶

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

桶

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

a tub, a bucket

Readings

Go-on: つう (tsū)
Kan-on: とう (tō)
Kun: おけ (oke, 桶)^{←をけ (woke, をけ, historical)}、こが (koga)
Nanori: おけ (oke)、あきら (akira)、おけざき (okezaki)、とうず (tōzu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
桶
おけ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
麻笥 (uncommon)

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

桶

Wikipedia ^ja

From Old Japanese. First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759.

Originally a compound of 麻 (o, “flax, ramie”) +‎ 笥 (ke, “a container, especially for foodstuffs or tableware”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) おけ (Atamadaka – )
IPA^(key):

Noun

桶(おけ) • (oke) ^{←をけ (woke)^?}

a tube-shaped container for holding split flax or hemp, usually made of thin cypress wood bent to shape
by extension, a pail, bucket, tub, or basin similar to a barrel in construction, made of long thin pieces of cedar or cypress extending up from a base and held in place with hoops; may be small enough to carry in one hand, or large enough to bathe in
(Noh theater) a stool on stage, on which an actor sits

Synonyms

(bucket): バケツ (baketsu)
(stool): 床(しょう)几(ぎ) (shōgi), 鬘桶(かつらおけ) (katsura oke)

Idioms

桶な物打ち明ける (おけなものうちあける, oke na mono uchiakeru), 桶の物打ち明ける (おけのものうちあける, oke no mono uchiakeru): "open up what's in your bucket" → to come clean to someone, with no hard feelings and no subterfuge
桶が腐れば菜が腐る (おけがくさればながくさる, oke ga kusareba na ga kusaru): "if the bucket rots, the greens rot" → if the surrounding is bad, it affects the inside

Derived terms

桶(おけ)越(ご)し (okegoshi): using an oke to cross a river
桶(おけ)屋(や) (okeya): a person or store that makes, fixes, and/or sells oke and well walls
桶(おけ)火(び) (okebi): the fire in a hioke
火(ひ)桶(おけ) (hioke): a type of wooden hibachi
桶(おけ)狭(はざ)間(ま) (Okehazama): a place in the south of Midori-ku, Nagoya
桶(おけ)狭(はざ)間(ま)焼(や)き (Okehazama-yaki): a style of pottery originating near Okehazama
桶(おけ)結(ゆ)い (okeyui): tying cord bands around an oke; an oke maker, an okeya
桶(おけ)絞(しぼ)り (okeshibori): a cloth dying process whereby the sections to leave undyed are put into oke and closed in with lids
桶(おけ)酸(す)い (okesui): alternate name for 酢(す)の木(き), 酢木(すのき) (sunoki): Vaccinium smallii, var. glabrum, a bush with edible (though sour) berries
桶(おけ)取(と)り (oketori): a scene in a kyōgen farce presented between Noh plays; a woman working as a water carrier
桶(おけ)尻(じり) (okejiri): the aft edge of the hull of a ship in traditional Japanese shipbuilding
桶(おけ)据(す)え (okesue): the hipbone
桶(おけ)川(がわ) (Okegawa): a river in southeast Saitama Prefecture
桶(おけ)側(がわ) (okegawa): the sides of an oke, the staves; a bowl-shaped container for holding trawling lines on a fishing boat
桶(おけ)側(がわ)胴(どう) (okegawa dō): a type of breastplate made of steel strips bound together, somewhat similar to how okegawa are bound together to make an oke
桶(おけ)大(だい)工(く) (okedaiku): a cooper, a woodworker who specializes in making barrels, oke, and well walls
桶(おけ)胴(どう) (oke dō): alternate name for 桶(おけ)側(がわ)胴(どう) (okegawa dō); a type of taiko drum
桶(おけ)風(ぶ)呂(ろ) (okeburo): an oke fitted with a firebox for heating bathwater: a traditional Japanese wooden ofuro hottub
桶(おけ)伏(ぶ)せ (okebuse): wearing an oke on one's head: a mob punishment in the pleasure districts of early Edo-period Japan, where non-paying customers would be forced to wear an oke on their heads, were sat down on the side of the street, and forced to pay up

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
桶
こが Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
榼 (rare)

Unknown. First cited to a work from the late 1100s.

May be obsolete; not listed in some dictionaries.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):

Noun

桶(こが) • (koga)

(archaic, possibly obsolete) an oke (tub, bucket, basin) or taru (樽, “barrel”)

References

^ “桶・麻笥”, in 日本国語大辞典 ‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ “榼・桶”, in 日本国語大辞典 ‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

Korean

Hanja

桶 • (tong, yong) (hangeul 통, 용, revised tong, yong, McCune–Reischauer t'ong, yong, Yale thong, yong)

(통 통, tong-): barrel, bucket, can, cask, pail, tub, vat, compare ton, Dut. ton ("vat")

Vietnamese

Han character

桶: Hán Nôm readings: thùng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ2-おけ-1] “桶・麻笥”, in 日本国語大辞典 ‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[KDJ-2] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] 4.0 ^4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ2-こが-6] “榼・桶”, in 日本国語大辞典 ‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

桶

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

See also

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Idioms

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia

Chinese numbers
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	10²	10³	10⁴	10⁶	10⁸	10¹²
Normal (小寫 / 小写)	〇, 零, 空	一, 蜀	二, 兩 / 两	三	四	五	六	七	八	九	十	百	千	萬 / 万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)	百萬 / 百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines)	億 / 亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial (大寫 / 大写)	零	壹	貳 / 贰	參 / 叁	肆	伍	陸 / 陆	柒	捌	玖	拾	佰	仟	萬 / 万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)	百萬 / 百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines)	億 / 亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)