植物

Chinese

		to plant	thing; object; matter
simp. and trad. (植物)		植	物

Wikipedia has an article on:

植物

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhíwù

(Zhuyin): ㄓˊ ㄨˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җыву (žɨvu, I-III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): zik⁶ mat⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̍t-vu̍t

(Hailu, HRS): chid^ˋ vud^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): ced⁶ vud⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): sĭk-ŭk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): si̍t-bu̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêg⁴ muêh⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸zeq-veq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhíwù → zhíwu (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄨˋ → ㄓˊ ˙ㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhwů
  - Wade–Giles: chih²-wu⁵
  - Yale: jŕ-wu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr.wuh
  - Palladius: чжиу (čžiu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ u⁵¹/ → /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ u³/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    植物
    職務／职务
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җыву (žɨvu, I-III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ vou⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zik⁶ mat⁶
  - Yale: jihk maht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁹ mat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: jig⁶ med⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚² mɐt̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̍t-vu̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: ciid vud
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cid⁶ vud⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵ vut̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: chid^ˋ vud^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰit² vut²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ced⁶ vud⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰət̚⁵ ʋut̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk-ŭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siʔ⁵⁻³³ uʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t-bu̍t
  - Tâi-lô: si̍t-bu̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sidbut
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sit̚⁴⁻³² but̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴⁻² but̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ but̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sit̚⁴⁻³² but̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sit̚⁴⁻³² but̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sêg⁴ muêh⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sek mue̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sek̚²⁻⁴ mueʔ⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸zeq-veq
  - MiniDict: zeh^入 veh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zeq-veq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹¹ vəʔ²³/

Middle Chinese: driH|dzyik mjut

Rime
Character	植	植	物
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	常 (25)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	職 (134)	物 (60)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	直吏切	常職切	文弗切
Baxter	driH	dzyik	mjut
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨ^H/	/d͡ʑɨk̚/	/mɨut̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖɨ^H/	/d͡ʑɨk̚/	/miut̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡie^H/	/d͡ʑiek̚/	/miuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨ^H/	/d͡ʑik̚/	/mut̚/
Li Rong	/ȡiə^H/	/ʑiək̚/	/miuət̚/
Wang Li	/ȡĭə^H/	/ʑĭək̚/	/mĭuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi^H/	/ʑi̯ək̚/	/mi̯uət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì	shí	wù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi⁶	sik⁶	mat⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-t<r>ək-s|m-t<r>ək-s|m-tək C.mut/

(Zhengzhang): /*dɯɡs|djɯɡ mɯd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	植	植	植	物
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhí	zhí	zhí	wù
Middle Chinese	‹ dri^H ›	‹ dri^H ›	‹ dzyik ›	‹ mjut ›
Old Chinese	/*N-t<r>ək-s/	/*m-t<r>ək-s/	/*m-tək/	/*C.mut/
English	grow, flourish	to plant, set upright	to plant; plants	thing
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	植	植	物
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	17263	17273	13218
Phonetic component	直	直	勿
Rime group	代	職	物
Rime subdivision	0	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	值	寔	物
Old Chinese	/*dɯɡs/	/*djɯɡ/	/*mɯd/

Noun

植物

(botany) plant; vegetation; flora (Classifier: 棵 m; 樖 c)
觀賞植物／观赏植物 ― guānshǎng zhíwù ― ornamental plant

植物材料 ― zhíwù cáiliào ― plant material

植物育種者權利／植物育种者权利 ― zhíwù yùzhǒngzhě quánlì ― plant breeder’s rights
- 一曰山林，其動物宜毛物，其植物宜早物。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  一曰山林，其动物宜毛物，其植物宜早物。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Rites of Zhou, circa 3^rd century BCE
  Yī yuē shānlín, qí dòngwù yí máo wù, qí zhíwù yí zǎo wù.
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

edit

株 (zhū)
植 (zhí) (literary, or in compounds)
植株 (zhízhū)
植被 (zhíbèi)
歲物／岁物 (suìwù) (literary)
綠色植物／绿色植物 (lǜsè zhíwù)
花卉 (huāhuì)
花草 (huācǎo)
草木 (cǎomù)

Hypernyms

真核生物 (zhēnhé shēngwù)

Coordinate terms

動物／动物 (dòngwù)
真菌 (zhēnjūn)
原生生物 (yuánshēng shēngwù)

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (植物):

→ Japanese: 植(しょく)物(ぶつ) (shokubutsu)
→ Korean: 식물(植物) (singmul)
→ Vietnamese: thực vật (植物)

Adjective

植物

(medicine, attributive) vegetative
植物狀態／植物状态 ― zhíwù zhuàngtài ― vegetative state

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
植	物
しょく Grade: 3	ぶつ Grade: 3
kan'on

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

植物

Wikipedia ^ja

From Middle Chinese 植物 (MC dzyik mjut).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しょくぶつ (Nakadaka – )^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key):

Derived terms

維管束植物(いかんそくしょくぶつ) (ikansoku shokubutsu, “vascular plant”)
黄金色植物(おうごんしょくしょくぶつ) (ōgonshoku shokubutsu, “Chrysophyta”)
黄色植物(おうしょくしょくぶつ) (ōshoku shokubutsu, “Chrysophyta”)
植物遺体(しょくぶついたい) (shokubutsu itai, “plant remains, plant fossil”)
植物(しょくぶつ)ウイルス (shokubutsu uirusu, “plant virus”)
植物(しょくぶつ)エストロゲン (shokubutsu esutorogen, “phytoestrogen”)
植物園(しょくぶつえん) (shokubutsuen, “botanical garden”)
植物界(しょくぶつかい) (shokubutsukai, “Plantae”)
植物学(しょくぶつがく) (shokubutsugaku, “botany”)
植物極(しょくぶつきょく) (shokubutsukyoku, “vegetal pole”)
植物区系(しょくぶつくけい) (shokubutsu kukei, “floristic region”)
植物群落(しょくぶつぐんらく) (shokubutsu gunraku, “plant community”)
植物工場(しょくぶつこうじょう) (shokubutsu kōjō, “plant factory”)
植物社会学(しょくぶつしゃかいがく) (shokubutsu shakaigaku, “phytosociology”)
植物状態(しょくぶつじょうたい) (shokubutsu jōtai, “persistent vegitative state”)
植物(しょくぶつ)ステロール (shokubutsusuterōru, “phytosterol”)
植物(しょくぶつ)性(せい) (shokubutsusei, “something plant-based, plant-derived, of plant origin”)
植物生理学(しょくぶつせいりがく) (shokubutsu seirigaku, “phytophysiology”)
植物繊維(しょくぶつせんい) (shokubutsu sen'i, “plant fibers”)
植物相(しょくぶつそう) (shokubutsusō, “flora”)
植物象牙(しょくぶつぞうげ) (shokubutsu zōge, “vegetable ivory (ivory palm endosperm)”)
植物帯(しょくぶつたい) (shokubutsutai, “life zone”)
植物地理学(しょくぶつちりがく) (shokubutsu chirigaku, “phytogeography”)
植物肉(しょくぶつにく) (shokubutsuniku, “plant-based meat”)
植物人間(しょくぶつにんげん) (shokubutsu ningen, “person in a vegetative state”)
植物病理学(しょくぶつびょうりがく) (shokubutsu byōrigaku, “phytopathology”)
植物(しょくぶつ)プランクトン (shokubutsu purankuton, “phytoplankton”)
植物(しょくぶつ)ホルモン (shokubutsu horumon, “plant hormony, phytohormone”)
植物油(しょくぶつゆ) (shokubutsuyu, “vegetable oil”)
植物油脂(しょくぶつゆし) (shokubutsu yushi, “vegetable fat”)
水生植物(すいせいしょくぶつ) (suisei shokubutsu, “aquatic plant”)
多肉植物(たにくしょくぶつ) (taniku shokubutsu, “succulent plant”)
底生植物(ていせいしょくぶつ) (teisei shokubutsu, “phytobenthos”)
被子植物(ひししょくぶつ) (hishi shokubutsu, “angiosperm”)
裸子植物(らししょくぶつ) (rashi shokubutsu, “gymnosperm”)
綠色植物(りょくしょくしょくぶつ) (ryokushoku shokubutsu, “Viridiplantae”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
植	物
うえ Grade: 3	もの Grade: 3
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 植物 – see the following entry.

【植うえ物もの】

(rare) general term for cultivated plants, especially vegetables

(historical) trees planted inside castles for military purposes

(poetry) types of plants used as subjects in renga and haikai

(This term, 植物, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
植	物

Noun

植物 • (singmul) (hangeul 식물)

hanja form^? of 식물 (“plants, vegetation”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
植	物

Noun

植物

chữ Hán form of thực vật (“plants, vegetation”).

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

植物

Contents

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Hypernyms

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Descendants

Adjective

Japanese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Coordinate terms

Hypernyms

Derived terms

Etymology 2

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia