業果

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See also: 业果

Chinese

		business; occupation; study	fruit; result
trad. (業果)		業	果
simp. (业果)		业	果

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yèguǒ

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄛˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yèguǒ
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄛˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yèguǒ
  - Wade–Giles: yeh⁴-kuo³
  - Yale: yè-gwǒ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yehguoo
  - Palladius: его (jego)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    業果／业果
    液果

Middle Chinese: ngjaep kwaX

Rime
Character	業	果
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	業 (147)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	魚怯切	古火切
Baxter	ngjaep	kwaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐp̚/	/kuɑ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐp̚/	/kuɑ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɐp̚/	/kuɑ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨap̚/	/kwa^X/
Li Rong	/ŋiap̚/	/kuɑ^X/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɐp̚/	/kuɑ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɐp̚/	/kuɑ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yè	guǒ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jip⁶	gwo²

Noun

業果

(Buddhism) karma; the effects of karma

Japanese

Kanji in this term
業	果
ごう Grade: 3	か Grade: 4
on'yomi

Etymology

/ɡapukwa/ → /ɡafukwa/ → /ɡawukwa/ → /ɡaukwa/ → /ɡɔːkwa/ → /ɡoːkwa/ → /ɡoːka/

From Middle Chinese compound 業果 (MC ngjaep kwaX, literally “karmic fruit, karmic result”). Compare modern Mandarin 業果／业果 (yèguǒ).

Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ごーか (Atamadaka – )^[1]
IPA^(key):

Noun

業(ごう)果(か) • (gōka) ^{←がふくわ (gafukwa)^?}

(Buddhism) karma, specifically the effects of karma

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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