| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 極 |
| きわ Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 窮める |
From classical verb 極む (kiwamu), itself from 際 (kiwa, “edge, brink”) + verb-forming suffix む (mu, “seems like, having that quality”, see also related classical suffix ぶ (bu) and modern derivative びる (biru)).
極める • (kiwameru) ←きはめる (kifameru)?transitive ichidan (stem 極め (kiwame), past 極めた (kiwameta))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 極める |
| mediopassive | 極まる |
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 極め | きわめ | kiwame | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 極め | きわめ | kiwame | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 極める | きわめる | kiwameru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 極める | きわめる | kiwameru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 極めれ | きわめれ | kiwamere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 極めよ¹ 極めろ² |
きわめよ¹ きわめろ² |
kiwameyo¹ kiwamero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 極められる | きわめられる | kiwamerareru | |
| Causative | 極めさせる 極めさす |
きわめさせる きわめさす |
kiwamesaseru kiwamesasu | |
| Potential | 極められる 極めれる³ |
きわめられる きわめれる³ |
kiwamerareru kiwamereru³ | |
| Volitional | 極めよう | きわめよう | kiwameyō | |
| Negative | 極めない 極めぬ 極めん |
きわめない きわめぬ きわめん |
kiwamenai kiwamenu kiwamen | |
| Negative continuative | 極めず | きわめず | kiwamezu | |
| Formal | 極めます | きわめます | kiwamemasu | |
| Perfective | 極めた | きわめた | kiwameta | |
| Conjunctive | 極めて | きわめて | kiwamete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 極めれば | きわめれば | kiwamereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 極 |
| き Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 極める – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 極める, is an alternative spelling (less common) of the above term.) |