橘

Translingual

Han character

橘 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木弓竹月 (DNHB), four-corner 4792₇, composition ⿰木矞)

Derived characters

• 𮒬

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 553, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15551
• Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1297, character 8
• Unihan data for U+6A58

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 橘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷid) : semantic 木 + phonetic 矞 (OC *ɢʷid).

Etymology

Unknown. Schuessler (2007) connected 橘 (OC kwit) to Khmer ឃ្វិច (khvɨc, “tangerine”) and also deemed as "less likely" connections to ក្រូច (krouc, “citrus”) and Proto-Hre-Sedang *kruč (Bodman, 1980). However, Alves (2018) considered this Old Chinese word's Austroasiatic origin likely, and compared it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ kruəc.

Pronunciation

Definitions

橘

1. mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata, tangerine, orange

Usage notes

See 桔.

Compounds

Descendants

References

• “橘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• Go-on: きち (kichi)
• Kan-on: きつ (kitsu)
• Kun: たちばな (tachibana, 橘)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

タチバナ

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Citrus tachibana

Wikipedia

From Old Japanese 橘 (tatibana). First cited in the Kojiki of 712.

According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, “Emperor Suinin”, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.

A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tachi, “standing”, from verb 立つ (tatsu, “to stand”)) +‎ 花 (hana, “flower”).

Shortened to tachi for some compounds.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) たち​ばな (Nakadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

橘(たちばな) or 橘(タチバナ) • (tachibana) 

1. Citrus tachibana, a species of wild, green, inedible citrus fruit native to Japan

   Synonym: 大和橘 (Yamato tachibana)

   Hypernym: 蜜柑 (mikan)

2. Synonym of 唐橘 (kara-tachibana): the trifoliate orange, Citrus trifoliata, syn. Poncirus trifoliata
3. Synonym of 花橘 (hanatachibana): tachibana flowers; Ardesia crenata; Ardesia japonica; a kind of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”)
4. (archaic) generic name for citrus fruits that can be eaten raw
5. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with designs of tachibana flowers, fruits, and leaves

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as タチバナ.

Derived terms

Idioms

• 江南(こうなん)の橘(たちばな)江(こう)北(ほく)の枳(からたち)となる (Kōnan no tachibana Kōhoku no karatachi to naru)

Proper noun

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

橘氏

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Tachibana clan (kuge)

Wikipedia

橘(たちばな) • (Tachibana) 

1. short for 橘氏 (Tachibana-uji): an ancient clan who often held high-ranking positions in the medieval Japanese court, descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe
2. (historical) a Sakura-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy (see Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1912) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )

   Hypernym: 桜 (Sakura)

3. (historical) a destroyer subclass of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, modified from the Matsu-class destroyers
4. (historical) the lead ship of the Tachibana-subclass destroyers (see Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1944) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
5. a placename, especially in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture where the titular 菩提寺 (bodaiji) is located
6. a surname

Derived terms

• 橘(たちばな)神道(しんとう) (Tachibana Shintō)
• 橘(たちばな)寺(でら) (Tachibana-dera)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 橘 (MC kjwit).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Affix

橘(きつ) • (kitsu) 

1. Citrus tachibana
2. the Tachibana clan

Derived terms

• 橘家(きっけ)神道(しんとう) (Kikke Shintō)
• 源平藤橘(げんぺいとうきつ) (Genpeitōkitsu, the four major clans in the Nara period: Minamoto, Taira, Fujiwara and Tachibana)

Proper noun

橘(きつ) • (Kitsu) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

References

Korean

Hanja

橘 (eumhun 귤나무 귤 (gyullamu gyul))

1. Hanja form^? of 귤 (“tangerine”).

Old Japanese

Etymology

First cited in the Kojiki of 712.

According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, “Emperor Suinin”, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.

A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tati, “standing”, from verb 立つ (tatu, “to stand”)) +‎ 花 (pana, “flower”).

Noun

橘 (tatibana) (kana たちばな)

1. any raw edible citrus fruit
2. Citrus tachibana, a species of green citrus fruit

Derived terms

• 橘を (tatibana wo, pillow word)
• 弟橘媛 (Oto₂tatibana-pi₁me₁)

Descendants

• Japanese: 橘 (tachibana)

Proper noun

橘 (Tatibana) (kana たちばな)

1. a powerful clan descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe

Descendants

• Japanese: 橘 (Tachibana)

References

Vietnamese

Han character

橘: Hán Nôm readings: quất, quít, quầng, quắt

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