橫

Translingual

Han character

橫 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木廿一金 (DTMC) or 難木廿一金 (XDTMC), four-corner 4498₆, composition ⿰木黃)

Derived characters

• 㶇 (㶇), 𬣕, 𬉟

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 555, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15594
• Dae Jaweon: page 944, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 2, page 1288, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6A6B

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 橫
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).

Etymology

“crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained”

• Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007).
• Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

橫

1. middle rail of a wooden door; crosspiece
2. to lie crossways; to be situated crosswise; to be horizontal
3. to move crosswise; to cross; to traverse; to stretch across
4. to cut crosswise; to intercept transversely
5. to hold crosswise; to put something horizontally; to wear across
6. crosswise; horizontal; transverse; across; east-west
7. (historical) Horizontal Alliance, i.e. states during the Warring States period in Chinese history which ally with Qin to participate in its ascendancy
8. side; nearby; something situated sideways
9. to cast a sidelong glance at; to look sideways
10. to brim with; to be brimming with; to fill; to be found all over
11. to place over; to cover
12. broad; vast; wide; extensive
13. to crisscross; to interlock; to intersect; to be mixed together
14. not listening to reason; unreasonable; unrestrained; outrageous
15. (Chinese calligraphy) horizontal stroke (㇐)

    Antonym: 豎／竖 (shù)

16. (historical) Alternative form of 衡 (héng, “supervisor; picket”)
17. (historical) Alternative form of 黌／黉 (hóng, “school”)
18. ancient placename in modern-day Shangqiu city in Henan province of China
19. (Beijing and Jilu Mandarin) probably; presumably; perhaps; maybe
20. (Beijing Mandarin, dialectal Wu) anyway; anyhow; in any case
21. a surname

Coordinate terms

• (basic character strokes) 點／点 (diǎn), 橫／横, 豎／竖 (shù), 提, 捺 (nà), 撇, 折, 鉤／钩 (gōu), 彎／弯 (wān), 斜

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

橫

1. perverse and violent; unrestrained and aggressive; brutal and unreasonable; cross-grained
2. unrestrainedly; turbulently; intrusively and violently
3. in vain; wastefully
4. sudden (and catastrophic); unexpected; unpredicted
5. additional; supplementary; extra; extraneous
6. contingency; mishap; misfortune; accident

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

橫

1. Alternative form of 光 (“light”)
2. (～門) (historical) a gate of Chang'an City

Pronunciation 4

Definitions

橫

1. Alternative form of 桄 (“reel thread on a revolving frame”)

Pronunciation 5

Definitions

橫

1. Alternative form of 撗 (guàng, “a kind of grass”)

Pronunciation 6

Definitions

橫

1. Alternative form of 櫎／𰗓 (“a kind of tool”)

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 横)

1. Kyūjitai form of 横

Readings

• Go-on: おう (ō)^{←わう (wau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
• Kun: よこ (yoko, 橫); よこたわる (yokotawaru, 橫たわる); よこたえる (yokotaeru, 橫たえる)

Korean

Hanja

橫 • (hoeng) (hangeul 횡)

1. across
2. horizontal, lateral

Vietnamese

Han character

橫: Hán Nôm readings: hoành, hoàng

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