欠ける

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
欠
か
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
缺ける (kyūjitai)
闕ける

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「欠ける」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		欠ける かける
Imperative (命令形) 欠けろ かけろ
Key constructions
Passive 欠けられる かけられる
Causative 欠けさせる かけさせる
Potential - - -
Volitional 欠けよう かけよー
Negative 欠けない かけない
Negative perfective 欠けなかった かけなかった
Formal 欠けます かけます
Perfective 欠けた かけた
Conjunctive 欠けて かけて
Hypothetical conditional 欠ければ かければ

Verb

欠(か)ける • (kakeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 欠(か)け (kake), past 欠(か)けた (kaketa))

Japanese verb pair
active 欠く
mediopassive 欠ける
  1. be damaged, be broken
    奥歯(おくば)が欠(か)けた
    okuba ga kaketa
    broke a back tooth
    (literally, “a back tooth broke”)
  2. be missing, to lack
    能力(のうりょく)が欠(か)けている
    nōryoku ga kaketeiru
    lacking ability
    (literally, “ability is lacking”)
  3. be insufficient, be short
    人権(じんけん)意識(いしき)に欠(か)けた
    jinken ishiki ni kaketa
    lacking awareness of human rights
    (literally, “lacking towards awareness of human rights”)
  4. for the moon to wane
    欠(か)けた月(つき)
    kaketa tsuki
    waning moon
    月(つき)が欠(か)けているように見(み)える
    tsuki ga kaketeiru yō ni mieru
    it looks as if the moon is waning

Conjugation

Conjugation of "欠ける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 欠け かけ kake
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 欠け かけ kake
Shūshikei ("terminal") 欠ける かける kakeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 欠ける かける kakeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 欠けれ かけれ kakere
Meireikei ("imperative") 欠けよ¹
欠けろ² 		かけよ¹
かけろ² 		kakeyo¹
kakero²
Key constructions
Passive 欠けられる かけられる kakerareru
Causative 欠けさせる
欠けさす 		かけさせる
かけさす 		kakesaseru
kakesasu
Potential 欠けられる
欠けれる³ 		かけられる
かけれる³ 		kakerareru
kakereru³
Volitional 欠けよう かけよう kakeyō
Negative 欠けない
欠けぬ
欠けん 		かけない
かけぬ
かけん 		kakenai
kakenu
kaken
Negative continuative 欠けず かけず kakezu
Formal 欠けます かけます kakemasu
Perfective 欠けた かけた kaketa
Conjunctive 欠けて かけて kakete
Hypothetical conditional 欠ければ かければ kakereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References

  1. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  2. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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