次

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

次 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈一弓人 (IMNO) or 一一弓人 (MMNO), four-corner 1718₂ or 3718₂, composition ⿰冫欠(GJV) or ⿰二欠(HKT))

Derived characters

• 佽 𪾪 栨 䅆 絘 趑 乲 咨 垐 姿 恣 栥 瓷 盗 秶 粢 資(资) 楶 餈 䳐 茨 𡷑 羡 䨏 䯸
• 䪢 䪣 䪡

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 565, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15992
• Dae Jaweon: page 954, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2133, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6B21

• Unihan data for U+2F8EF

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 次
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and possibly phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sn̥ʰis) : phonetic 二 (OC *njis, “two”) + semantic 欠.

Etymology 1

Probably from *s- + 二 (OC *njis, “two”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s (Pulleyblank, 1962; Sagart and Baxter, 2012; STEDT).

Pronunciation

Definitions

次

1. order; sequence

   名次  ―  míngcì  ―  position in a name list; place in a competition

   • 及鄢，亂次以濟，遂無次，且不設備。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     及鄢，乱次以济，遂无次，且不设备。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Jí Yān, luàn cì yǐ jì, suì wú cì, qiě bù shèbèi.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (algebra) order
3. next in sequence; second

   次子  ―  cìzǐ  ―  second son

4. (literary) to come next in order

   • 民為貴，社稷次之，君為輕。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Mín wéi guì, shèjì cì zhī, jūn wéi qīng.

     The people are the most important element in a nation; the spirits of the land and grain are the next; the sovereign is the lightest.

5. (literary) to arrange into ordered form; to put into sequence; to impose order; to compile

   • 蕭何次律令，韓信申軍法。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     萧何次律令，韩信申军法。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Xiāo Hé cì lǜlìng, Hán Xìn shēn jūnfǎ.

     Xiao He compiled laws and regulations, and Han Xin re-established military disciplines.

6. inferior; substandard

   次貨／次货  ―  cìhuò  ―  substandard product

7. Classifier for times, as in frequency. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

   上次  ―  shàngcì  ―  last time

   次數／次数  ―  cìshù  ―  number of times; frequency

   這是我第一次來到北京。 [MSC, trad.]
   这是我第一次来到北京。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhè shì wǒ dì yī cì lái dào běijīng.

   This is my first time in Beijing.

8. (archaic, military) to station the troops at some place; to hold position at some place

   • 春王正月，師次于郎，以俟陳人、蔡人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     春王正月，师次于郎，以俟陈人、蔡人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Chūn wáng zhēngyuè, shī cì yú Láng, yǐ sì Chénrén, Càirén.

     Spring, the first month (of Zhou calendar), the armies of Lu were stationed at Lang to await those of Chen and Cai.

   • 王出三江按五湖，樓船跨海次揚都。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     王出三江按五湖，楼船跨海次扬都。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 757, Li Bai, 永王東巡歌·其七

     Wáng chū Sānjiāng àn Wǔhú, lóuchuán kuàhǎi cì Yángdū.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

9. (literary) resting place

   客次  ―  kècì  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 六二：旅即次，懷其資，得童僕貞。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     六二：旅即次，怀其资，得童仆贞。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE

     Liù èr: lǚ jí cì, huái qí zī, dé tóngpú zhēn.

     The second SIX, divided, shows the stranger, occupying his lodging-house, carrying with him his means of livelihood, and provided with good and trusty servants.

10. (literary) middle

    • 喜怒哀樂不入於胸次。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      喜怒哀乐不入于胸次。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

      Xǐnù'āilè bù rù yú xiōngcì.

      oy, anger, sadness, and delight do not enter into their breasts (in connexion with such events).

Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

次

1. Only used in 榆次 (Yúcì).

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

次

1. Only used in 次且.

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Definitions

次

1. Only used in 具次.

Japanese

Shinjitai	次
Kyūjitai	次󠄁 次+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	次󠄄 次+󠄄? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
• Kun: つぎ (tsugi, 次, Jōyō); つぐ (tsugu, 次ぐ, Jōyō); すがい (sugai, 次い)^{←すがひ (sugafi, 次ひ, historical)}; すがう (sugau, 次う)^{←すがふ (sugafu, 次ふ, historical)}; すき (suki, 次き); すく (suku, 次く); ついで (tsuide, 次いで); とまる (tomaru, 次まる); やどる (yadoru, 次る)
• Nanori: き (ki); すき (suki); ちか (chika); つぎ (tsugi); つぐ (tsugu); ひで (hide); やどる (yadoru); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

• 目(もく)次(じ) (mokuji)

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 次 (MC tshijH, “in order; second”).

Less common reading in modern Japanese. Superseded in most cases by ji; see below.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Affix

次(し) • (shi) 

1. next, secondary
2. following

Usage notes

Only found in compounds.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

/si/ → /ʑi/ → /d͡ʑi/

Sound shift from shi above.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Counter

次(じ) • (-ji) 

1. number of times: an ordinal marker

   第四(だいよん)次(じ)計画(けいかく)

   daiyonji keikaku

   the fourth plan

2. number in a sequence, number of aspects or dimensions

   二(に)次(じ)方程式(ほうていしき)、三(さん)次(じ)式(しき)

   niji hōteishiki, sanji shiki

   a quadratic equation, a third order expression

Noun

次(じ) • (ji) 

1. (rare) order, sequence

Usage notes

Seldom found in isolation.

Prefix

次(じ) • (ji-) 

1. (attached to nouns) the next, secondary, vice-

   次(じ)位(い)、次(じ)長(ちょう)

   jī, jichō

   second rank, vice-director

2. (chemistry) hypo- (used to distinguish the oxidation levels of various acids)

   亜(あ)塩(えん)素(そ)酸(さん)、次(じ)亜(あ)塩(えん)素(そ)酸(さん)、亜(あ)臭(しゅう)素(そ)酸(さん)、次(じ)亜(あ)臭(しゅう)素(そ)酸(さん)

   aenso san, jiaenso san, ashūso san, jiashūso san

   chlorous acid, hypochlorous acid, bromous acid, hypobromous acid

Etymology 3

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of Old Japanese-derived verb 次ぐ (tsugu, “to be in a sequence; to follow, to continue from something, to be next; to connect, to join”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つぎ​ (Odaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

次(つぎ) • (tsugi) 

1. next, order, sequence, below

   子(こ)供(ども)たちは次(つぎ)のように述(の)べています。

   Kodomotachi wa tsugi no yō ni nobeteimasu.

   The children said as follows.

   • From the Emacs tutorial (English)

     では C-v(Cv) （次(つぎ)の画面(がめん)を見(み)る）をタイプして次(つぎ)の画面(がめん)に進(すす)んで下(くだ)さい。（さあ、やってみましょう。コントロールキーを押(お)しながら v です）

     De wa C-v (tsugi no gamen o miru) o taipu shite tsugi no gamen ni susunde kudasai.(Sā, yattemimashō. Kontorōrukī o oshinagara v desu)

     Now type C-v (View next screen) to move to the next screen. (go ahead, do it by depressing the control key and v together)

Etymology 4

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of Old Japanese-derived verb 次く (suku, “to follow, to continue from something, to be next;”).

The verb form was obsolete even in olden times. Existence of the verb, possibly related to tsugu mentioned above, is inferred from placenames found in the Man'yōshū and other ancient poetry.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

次(すき) • (suki) 

1. (Shinto) at the 大嘗祭 (Daijōsai) and other major Shintō ceremonies, refers to the group of regional representatives making offerings of sake and grain, who do so after the initial offering

Etymology 5

/tuɡite/ → /tuide/

Sound shift from 次第 (tsugite, “order, sequence”), itself originally the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of now-obsolete Old Japanese-derived verb 継ぎつ (tsugitsu, “to do things in sequence, to establish an order”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ついで (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

次(ついで) • (tsuide) 

1. order, sequence
2. follower, successor; the next thing in a sequence
3. a good opportunity to do something; doing something incidental to something else

Usage notes

The good opportunity sense is more often encountered as 序(つい)でに (tsuide ni).

References

Korean

Hanja

次 (eumhun 버금 차 (beogeum cha))

1. Hanja form^? of 차 (“second; next”).

Vietnamese

Han character

次: Hán Việt readings: thứ (七(thất)四(tứ)切(thiết)), tư
次: Nôm readings: thớ, thứ, thứa, khứa

1. chữ Hán form of thứ (“inferior in quality; order, rank, sequence”).
2. Nôm form of thớ (“This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.”).
3. Nôm form of thứa (“This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.”).

Compounds

References