欲惡

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Chinese

		desire; longing; appetite desire; longing; appetite; wish	evil; to hate; to loathe evil; to hate; to loathe; nauseated
trad. (欲惡)		欲	惡
simp. (欲恶)		欲	恶

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yùwù

(Zhuyin): ㄩˋ ㄨˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yùwù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˋ ㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yùwù
  - Wade–Giles: yü⁴-wu⁴
  - Yale: yù-wù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuhwuh
  - Palladius: юйу (juju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: yowk 'uH

Rime
Character	欲	惡
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	余蜀切	烏路切
Baxter	yowk	'uH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨok̚/	/ʔuo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/jiok̚/	/ʔuo^H/
Shao Rongfen	/iok̚/	/ʔo^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawk̚/	/ʔɔ^H/
Li Rong	/iok̚/	/ʔo^H/
Wang Li	/jĭwok̚/	/u^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wok̚/	/ʔuo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù	wù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	juk⁶	wu³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢ(r)ok ʔˤak-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*loɡ qaːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	欲	惡
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù	wù
Middle Chinese	‹ yowk ›	‹ ʔu^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢ(r)ok/	/*ʔˁak-s/
English	desire (v.)	hate (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	欲	惡
Reading #	1/1	2/3
No.	4303	14219
Phonetic component	谷	亞
Rime group	屋	暮
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	欲	汙
Old Chinese	/*loɡ/	/*qaːɡs/

Noun

欲惡

(literary) liking and disliking; desire and dislike
- 故欲惡者，心之大端也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  故欲恶者，心之大端也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Gù yùwù zhě, xīn zhī dàduān yě.
  Thus liking and disliking are the great elements in men's minds.
- 夫欲惡避就，固不待師，此人之性也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  夫欲恶避就，固不待师，此人之性也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Fú yù'è bìjiù, gù bù dài shī, cǐ rén zhī xìng yě.
  Desire and dislike, avoidance and pursuit, do not require any master – this is the nature of man.

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