残業

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
残 業
ざん
Grade: 4 		ぎょう
Grade: 3
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
殘業 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

Noun

残(ざん)業(ぎょう) • (zangyō) 

  1. doing overtime work
  2. work done overtime

Verb

残(ざん)業(ぎょう)する • (zangyō suru) intransitive suru (stem 残(ざん)業(ぎょう)し (zangyō shi), past 残(ざん)業(ぎょう)した (zangyō shita))

  1. work overtime

Conjugation

Conjugation of "残業する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 残業し ざんぎょうし zangyō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 残業し ざんぎょうし zangyō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 残業する ざんぎょうする zangyō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 残業する ざんぎょうする zangyō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 残業すれ ざんぎょうすれ zangyō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 残業せよ¹
残業しろ² 		ざんぎょうせよ¹
ざんぎょうしろ² 		zangyō seyo¹
zangyō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 残業される ざんぎょうされる zangyō sareru
Causative 残業させる
残業さす 		ざんぎょうさせる
ざんぎょうさす 		zangyō saseru
zangyō sasu
Potential 残業できる ざんぎょうできる zangyō dekiru
Volitional 残業しよう ざんぎょうしよう zangyō shiyō
Negative 残業しない ざんぎょうしない zangyō shinai
Negative continuative 残業せず ざんぎょうせず zangyō sezu
Formal 残業します ざんぎょうします zangyō shimasu
Perfective 残業した ざんぎょうした zangyō shita
Conjunctive 残業して ざんぎょうして zangyō shite
Hypothetical conditional 残業すれば ざんぎょうすれば zangyō sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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