毅然

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Chinese

		perseverance	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (毅然)		毅	然
simp. ^#(毅然)		毅	然

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yìrán

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ ㄖㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁶ jin⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gē-liân / gē-jiân / gī-jiân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yìrán
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄖㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yìrán
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴-jan²
  - Yale: yì-rán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yihran
  - Palladius: ижань (ižanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    亦然
    易燃
    毅然
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngai⁶ jin⁴
  - Yale: ngaih yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁶ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁶ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²² jiːn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gē-liân
  - Tâi-lô: gē-liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gexlieen
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡe⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡe²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gē-jiân
  - Tâi-lô: gē-jiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gexjieen
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡe²²⁻²¹ d͡ziɛn¹³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gī-jiân
  - Tâi-lô: gī-jiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gixjieen
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡi³³⁻²¹ ziɛn²³/

Adverb

毅然

firmly; resolutely; without hesitation

Derived terms

毅然決然／毅然决然 (yìránjuérán)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
毅	然
き Jinmeiyō	ぜん Grade: 4
kan’yōon	kan’on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きぜん (Heiban – )
IPA^(key):

Adverb

毅(き)然(ぜん) • (kizen)

resolutely, firmly
何(なに)を言(い)われても毅然(きぜん)としている
nani o iwaretemo kizen toshiteiru
being resolute in spite of what was being said

Adjective

毅(き)然(ぜん) • (kizen) ^†-tari (adnominal 毅(き)然(ぜん)とした (kizen to shita) or 毅(き)然(ぜん)たる (kizen taru), adverbial 毅(き)然(ぜん)と (kizen to) or 毅(き)然(ぜん)として (kizen to shite))

resolute, firm, undaunted

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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