毒

Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word 毒. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word 毒, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say 毒 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word 毒 you have here. The definition of the word 毒 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of毒, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
毒 U+6BD2, 毒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BD2
← 毑
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 毓 →

Translingual

Traditional 毒
Simplified 毒
Japanese 毒
Korean 毒

Han character

毒 (Kangxi radical 80, 毋+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 9 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 手一田卜戈 (QMWYI), four-corner 50507, composition ⿱龶母(GKV) or ⿱龶毋(HTJ))

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 589, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16730
  • Dae Jaweon: page 981, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2382, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6BD2

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 毒
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (毒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
瑇 *dɯːɡs, *duːɡ
纛 *duːɡs, *duːɡ
碡 *doːɡ, *duːɡ, *duɡ
毒 *l'uːɡ
蝳 *duːɡ

Pictogram (象形) - a woman wearing a feathered ornament - original form of 纛 (OC *duːɡs, *duːɡ).

Alternatively, Li Xueqin (2012) proposes it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uːɡ) : semantic 屮 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 毐 (OC *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ), meaning "a type of poisonous plant."

Etymology

“poison”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duk ~ tuk (“poison; to poison”). Cognate with Tibetan དུག (dug, “poison; toxin”), གདུག (gdug), གདུག་པ (gdug pa, “vicious; evil; poisonous”), Burmese တောက် (tauk, “to suffer from toxicity; to be ill; to be poisonous”).
“to poison” (Pronunciation 2)
A departing tone variant, meaning “to poison”, is preserved in southern varieties, including Cantonese, Hakka, Min, southern Gan, and southern Wu. It is derived from the sense “poison” with the *–s suffix in Old Chinese.
“nerdy”
Derived from 毒撚.

Pronunciation 1

trad. 毒
simp. # 毒
alternative forms
 
𭖪
𡴛
𡹆
𥲮
𦸕
𭖪
𡴛
𡹆
𥲮
𦸕
𫦚
𧉉
𤯟

Note: duk1 - only used in the phonetic transcription 身毒 (“India”).
Note:
  • dù - literary;
  • tū - vernacular.
Note:
  • dŭk - literary;
  • dĕ̤k - vernacular.
Note:
  • to̍k - literary (“poison; cruel; fierce”);
  • ta̍k - vernacular.
Rime
Character 毒
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 冬 (6)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒沃切
Baxter dowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duok̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duok̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dawk̚/
Li
Rong 		/dok̚/
Wang
Li 		/duok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱuok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		duk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 毒
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dowk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ˁuk/
English poison (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 毒
Reading # 1/1
No. 2486
Phonetic
component 		毒
Rime
group 		覺
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		毒
Old
Chinese 		/*l'uːɡ/

Definitions

毒

  1. poison; toxin; venom; bane
    有毒  ―  yǒudú  ―  poisonous
  2. † calamity; disaster; trouble
  3. † pain; suffering
  4. † crime; evil
  5. to poison; to administer poison to
    毒死蟑螂  ―  dúsǐ zhāngláng  ―  to kill cockroaches with poison
  6. † to harm; to injure
  7. † to hate; to resent
  8. † Alternative form of 督 (dū, “to manage; to govern”)
  9. poisonous; noxious
    毒蛇  ―  dúshé  ―  venomous snake
    毒氣／毒气  ―  dúqì  ―  poisonous gas
  10. † heavy; thick
  11. (figurative) pernicious influence; harmful influence
    餘毒／余毒  ―  yúdú  ―  residual poison
  12. severe; fierce; violent
    外面的太陽很毒。 [MSC, trad.]
    外面的太阳很毒。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wàimiàn de tàiyáng hěn dú.
    The sun outside is very fierce.
  13. malicious; cruel; sinister
    他的心腸真毒！／他的心肠真毒！  ―  Tā de xīncháng zhēn dú!  ―  How cruel is he!
  14. (literary, or in compounds) narcotics; narcotic drugs
    吸毒  ―  xīdú  ―  to take drugs (of illicit or recreational nature)
    販毒／贩毒  ―  fàndú  ―  to traffic in narcotics
  15. (Hong Kong Cantonese) nerdy

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (毒):
  • → Japanese: 毒(どく) (doku)
  • → Korean: 독(毒) (dok)
  • → Vietnamese: độc (毒)

Others:

  • → Vietnamese: thuốc (“drug”)
  • → Zhuang: doeg (“poison; to poison; evil”)

Pronunciation 2

trad. 毒
simp. # 毒
alternative forms 杜 Cantonese
餖／饾 Hakka
透 Eastern Min

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 毒
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dowk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-ˁuk-s/
English to poison (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

毒

  1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min, colloquial) to poison; to administer poison to

Pronunciation 3

trad. 毒
simp. # 毒
alternative forms 𭖪

Definitions

毒

  1. Used in 毒冒, which is an alternative form of 玳瑁 (dàimào)

References

Japanese

Kanji

毒

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. poison

Readings

Compounds

Compounds


Kanji in this term
毒
どく
Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

毒(どく) • (doku) 

  1. poison, toxin

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource


Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

毒 (eumhun 독 독 (dok dok))

  1. Hanja form? of 독 (“poison”).

Compounds

Etymology 2

Hanja

毒 (eumhun 거북 대 (geobuk dae))

  1. Alternative form of 玳 (“Hanja form? of 대 (“turtle”).”)
  2. Alternative form of 瑇 (“Hanja form? of 대 (“turtle”).”)

Vietnamese

Han character

毒: Hán Nôm readings: độc, nọc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia