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U+6C5D, 汝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C5D

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 85, +3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水女 (EV), four-corner 34140, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 606, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17138
  • Dae Jaweon: page 999, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1555, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6C5D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *njaʔ): semantic (river; water) + phonetic (OC *naʔ, *nas).

Etymology 1

trad.
simp. #

Probably related to Proto-Kam-Sui *Ɂnjaᴬ (river), whence Southern Kam nyal (river), Sui qnyal (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note: ru2 - Chaoyang.
Note:
  • 3zr - vernacular;
  • 3lu - literary.
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (38)
    Final () (22)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter nyoX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ȵɨʌX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ȵiɔX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ȵʑiɔX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ȵɨə̆X/
    Li
    Rong
    /ȵiɔX/
    Wang
    Li
    /ȵʑĭoX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ȵʑi̯woX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    jyu5
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9628
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*njaʔ/

    Definitions

    1. (, ) Ru River, a northern tributary of the Huai River in modern-day southern Henan province. The name also refers to the Hong River in its lower reaches, which now shares a common course with the Ru, as well as a southern tributary of the Hong.
    2. a surname

    Compounds

    Etymology 2

    trad.
    simp. #
    alternative forms
    coastal Min (colloquial)

    From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (you). Cognate with () and (ěr).

    Pronunciation


    Note:
    • Xiamen:
      • lí - vernacular;
      • lú - literary.
    • Zhangzhou:
      • lí - vernacular;
      • jí/ní - literary.
    • mainstream Taiwan:
      • lí - vernacular;
      • jú/lú - literary.
    • Singapore:
      • lír/lí - vernacular.
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: le2 / lu2 / re2 / ru2
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lṳ́ / lú / jṳ́ / jú
    • Sinological IPA (key): /lɯ⁵²/, /lu⁵²/, /d͡zɯ⁵²/, /d͡zu⁵²/
  • Note:
    • le2/lu2 - vernacular (lu2 - Chaoyang);
    • re2/ru2 - literary (ru2 - Chaoyang).
  • Wu
  • Note:
    • 3zr - vernacular;
    • 3lu - literary.
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (38)
    Final () (22)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter nyoX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ȵɨʌX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ȵiɔX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ȵʑiɔX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ȵɨə̆X/
    Li
    Rong
    /ȵiɔX/
    Wang
    Li
    /ȵʑĭoX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ȵʑi̯woX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    jyu5
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ nyoX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*naʔ/
    English you (sg.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9628
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*njaʔ/

    Definitions

    1. (literary or coastal Min) thou; you (second-person pronoun)
    Synonyms

    Compounds

    Descendants

    • Khmer: លឺ (lɨɨ)
    • Burmese: လု (lu.)
    • Thai: ลื้อ (lʉ́ʉ)
    • Indonesian: lu, lo, elu

    Japanese

    Kanji

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    Readings

    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    なんじ
    Jinmeiyō
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings

    (rare, kanbun)
    (rare, kanbun)

    /na mut͡ɕi//namʉd͡ʑi//nand͡ʑi/

    Originally a compound of (na, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 3 below) +‎ (muchi, noble).

    Also written as なむぢ (namuji) in older texts, since the namuchi, namuji, and nanji readings likely existed in free variation until the development of the (n) grapheme.

    Pronunciation

    Pronoun

    (なんじ) (nanjiなんぢ (nandi)?

    1. (archaic) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
    Quotations

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

    Derived terms
    Idioms
    Proverbs

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    なれ
    Jinmeiyō
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese.

    Derived from (na, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 3 below) +‎ (-re, nominalizing suffix).

    Pronoun

    (なれ) (nare

    1. (archaic, obsolete) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
    Quotations

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

    Etymology 3

    Kanji in this term

    Jinmeiyō
    irregular
    Alternative spelling

    From Old Japanese.

    Possibly cognate with second-person singular informal pronoun Korean (neo).

    Pronoun

    () (na

    1. (archaic, obsolete; or Tsugaru, Niigata) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
    Quotations

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

    Derived terms

    Etymology 4

    Kanji in this term
    うぬ
    Jinmeiyō
    irregular
    Alternative spelling

    Sound shift from reflexive pronoun (ono), Old Japanese (ono2).

    Pronunciation

    • Pronunciation for pronoun senses unknown.

    Pronoun

    (うぬ) (unu

    1. (vulgar or dialectal, Yamagata) second-person pronoun: you
    2. (derogatory) first- or third-person reflexive pronoun: me, myself, himself, herself, itself, oneself
      Synonym: 自分自身 (jibun-jishin)
    Derived terms

    Interjection

    (うぬ) (unu

    1. (vulgar) used as an insult to the second person: you!
      Synonym: (onore)

    Etymology 5

    Kanji in this term
    しゃ
    Jinmeiyō
    irregular

    ⟨si⟩/ɕi//ɕa/

    Shift from Old Japanese (si) of the same meaning.

    Pronoun

    (しゃ) (sha

    1. (archaic, obsolete) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

    Etymology 6

    Kanji in this term
    いまし
    Jinmeiyō
    kun’yomi

    The nominalization of honorific verb 坐す (imasu, to be, honorific).

    Possibly also analyzable as a compound of (i-, a rare Old Japanese second person singular pronoun) +‎ (mashi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of honorific verb 坐す masu, “to be”).

    Pronoun

    (いまし) (imashi

    1. (honorific, archaic) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

    See also

    References

    1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

    Hanja

    (yeo) (hangeul , revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ, Yale ye)

    1. you
    2. the name of water, river
    3. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References

    1. ^ “Naver Hanja”, in (please provide the title of the work), accessed 15 May 2020, archived from the original on 2021-04-09

    Old Japanese

    Etymology 1

    Originally a first person pronoun. Later became a second person pronoun, as is often seen in Japanese. Compare Old Korean (na). Also found in some instances as a self-reference, one, oneself. This sense is more commonly spelled when used in isolation.

    Pronoun

    (na) (kana )

    1. first-person singular pronoun: I, me
    2. third-person reflexive pronoun: one, oneself, itself
    3. second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
    Quotations

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

    Derived terms
    Descendants
    • Japanese: (na)
    See also

    Etymology 2

    From (na, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 1 above) +‎ (-re, nominalizing suffix).

    Pronoun

    (nare) (kana なれ)

    1. second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
    Quotations

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

    Descendants
    • Japanese: (nare)

    Etymology 3

    Cognate with (si, third-person pronoun) and (si, reflexive pronoun). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

    Pronoun

    (si) (kana )

    1. second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
    Descendants
    • Japanese: (sha)

    Etymology 4

    The nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of honorific verb 坐す (imasu, to be).

    Alternatively, analyzable as a compound of (i, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 6 below) +‎ 坐し (masi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of honorific verb 坐す (masu), “to be”).

    Pronoun

    (imasi) (kana いまし)

    1. (honorific) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
    Usage notes

    More honorific than masi (see Etymology 5 below), but less honorific than mi1masi (see Etymology 6 below).

    Quotations

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

    Descendants
    • Japanese: (imashi)

    Etymology 5

    The nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of honorific verb 坐す (masu, to be).

    Alternatively, a shortening of imasi (see Etymology 3 above).

    Pronoun

    (masi) (kana まし)

    1. (honorific) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
    Usage notes

    Less honorific than both imasi (see Etymology 4 above) and mi1masi (see Etymology 6 below).

    Quotations

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

    Etymology 6

    Compound of (mi1-, honorific prefix) +‎ (masi, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 4 above).

    Pronoun

    (mi1masi) (kana みまし)

    1. (honorific) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
    Usage notes

    More honorific than both imasi (see Etymology 4 above) and masi (see Etymology 5 above).

    Quotations

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

    Etymology 7

    Possibly a borrowing from Old Korean, compare modern Korean (i, this person). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

    Pronoun

    (i) (kana )

    1. (rare, possibly derogatory) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
    Quotations

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

    References

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    : Hán Nôm readings: nhớ, nhở, nhởi, nhứ, nhử, nhữ, dử, nhừ, nở

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.