沙

沙 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水火竹 (EFH), four-corner 3912₀, composition ⿰氵少)

• 唦 挱 猀 逤 桫 𣻅 䤬 鯋 𣾾 𬕍
• 乷 娑 挲 桬 㲚 㸺 硰 𧋊 裟 䣉 鯊(鲨) 莎 痧 閯 髿 䓾

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 611, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17212
• Dae Jaweon: page 1005, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1562, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6C99

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 沙 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• 沙 (Cantonese)

Historical forms of the character 沙
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 水 (“water”) + 少 (“to lack; to be short of”).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(s/z)a-j (“earth, sand”). Compare Tibetan ས (sa, “sand”) and Burmese သဲ (sai:, “sand”).

沙

1. sand

   泥沙  ―  níshā  ―  silt

   沙漠  ―  shāmò  ―  desert

2. (usually used in place names) shoal
3. something granular

   豆沙  ―  dòushā  ―  red bean paste

4. mushy and rough (as sand), texture of a watermelon of good quality.

   沙瓤  ―  shāráng  ―  mushy watermelon pulp, Refers to the watermelon when the flesh becomes loose and fine-grained

   沙梨  ―  shālí  ―  Pyrus pyrifolia

   西沙瓜  ―  xīshāguā  ―  alternative of 硒砂瓜 (xī shā guā)

5. (of a voice) hoarse; husky

   沙啞／沙哑  ―  shāyǎ  ―  hoarse

   叫到把聲沙嗮 [Cantonese, trad.]
   叫到把声沙嗮 [Cantonese, simp.]

   giu³ dou³ baa² seng¹ saa¹ saai³

   shout so much that one's voice is all hoarse

6. (obsolete) the number 10^-8
7. Short for 沙皇 (shāhuáng).

   沙俄  ―  Shā'é  ―  Russian Empire

8. (Malaysia, Singapore) Short for 沙巴 (Shābā, “Sabah”).
9. (Mainland China) Short for 沙特阿拉伯 (Shātè Ālābó, “Saudi Arabia”).
10. (Hong Kong) Short for 沙田 (shātián, “Sha Tin”).
11. a surname

• (sand):

• → Proto-Tai: *zwɯəjᴬ
  • Proto-Southwestern Tai: *zaːjᴬ
    • Thai: ทราย (saai)

沙

1. (dialectal) to shake in order to gather impurities to be removed

沙

1. (alt. form 娑) to twirl; to whirl
2. (alt. form 挲) to fondle; to caress

• “沙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Jōyō kanji)

• Go-on: しゃ (sha)
• Kan-on: さ (sa, Jōyō)
• Kun: すな (suna, 沙)、いさご (isago, 沙)、よなげる (yonageru, 沙げる)

沙(すな) • (suna) 

1. sand

沙(いさご) • (isago) 

1. small rock
2. sand

沙(さ) or 沙(しゃ) • (sa or sha) 

1. Number of units, 1 of 100 million parts.

From Middle Chinese 沙 (MC srae|sraeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 사 (sa) (Yale: sa) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

沙

Wikisource

沙 (eumhun 모래 사 (morae sa))

1. hanja form^? of 사 (“sand”)

   Synonym: 砂 (사 (sa))

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

沙: Hán Nôm readings: sa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• Nom Foundation
• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville