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who has taken the Four Essential Dharmas as his support
(N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms. Bracketed terms were ignored when read.)
Usage notes
When expressing the sense of "to take A as B", Old Korean appears to have natively used the expression "A乙 B沙音", with A taking the accusative particle 乙(*-ol) and B combining directly with the verb *sam- without an intervening particle.
Gugyeol texts are all close translations of a Chinese original, and the Literary Chinese text often used 以(yǐ, “to use”) in the construction "以(yǐ)A為／为B" for the sense of "to take A as B". These constructions were translated into Old Korean as "A乙以厼 B沙音", with A continuing to take the accusative particle but now becoming the object of the verb 以(*PSU-) instead, with the literal meaning "to take as B while using A".
In Middle Korean, however, "to take A as B" is generally expressed as "A로(-lwo) Bᄅᆞᆯ(-lol)삼다(samta)", with B taking the accusative particle ᄅᆞᆯ (Yale: -lol) and A now taking the instrumental particle 로 (Yale: -lwo). An Ye-ri theorizes that this was the result of syntactic influence from the Chinese "以(yǐ)A為／为B" construction, as Chinese 以(yǐ) was usually perceived as being equivalent to the Korean instrumental particle 로 (Yale: -lwo). Thus speakers may have initially imitated the Chinese syntax by using the instrumental particle for A rather than the accusative, after which B was reanalyzed as being the direct object of 삼〯다〮 (Yale: sǎm-tá).
Descendants
Middle Korean: 삼〯다〮(sǎm-tá, “to render as; to take as”)