況
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See also: 况
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Translingual
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Han character
況 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水口竹山 (ERHU), four-corner 36110, composition ⿰氵兄)
Derived characters
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 615, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17264
- Dae Jaweon: page 1009, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1586, character 2
- Unihan data for U+6CC1
Chinese
| trad. | 況 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 况 | |
| alternative forms | 况 𡶢 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 況 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmaŋs) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 兄 (OC *hmraŋ).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kuang4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): kuong3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): kuon3
- Northern Min (KCR): kua̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): kuóng / huóng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5huaon; 5khuaon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): kuan4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kuàng
- Wade–Giles: kʻuang4
- Yale: kwàng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuanq
- Palladius: куан (kuan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: kuang4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuong
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuaŋ²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fong3
- Yale: fong
- Cantonese Pinyin: fong3
- Guangdong Romanization: fong3
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔːŋ³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: fong2
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: kuong3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuɔŋ²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khóng
- Hakka Romanization System: kong`
- Hagfa Pinyim: kong3
- Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: kuon3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰxuɒ̃⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kua̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuaŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kuóng / huóng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuɔŋ²¹³/, /huɔŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòng
- Tâi-lô: hòng
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoxng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
- Tâi-lô: khòng
- Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kuang3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khuàng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuaŋ²¹³/
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: kuan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu̯an⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 況 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰuɑŋ⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /kʰuaŋ⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /kʰuɑŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /kʰuaŋ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /kʰuaŋ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /kʰuaŋ³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /kʰuaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /kʰuɔ̃²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /kʰuɑŋ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /kʰuɑ̃¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /kʰuɑŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /kʰuaŋ³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /kʰuaŋ¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /kʰuaŋ²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /kʰuã̠²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /kʰuaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /kʰuɑ̃⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰuɒ̃⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /kʰuɑŋ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /kʰuɑ̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kuɑ̃³⁵/ /huɑ̃³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /huɑ̃⁵¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /kʰuɑŋ⁵³/ /huɑŋ⁴⁴⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɕyɔ⁴²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /kʰo³²⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /xau²⁴/ /kʰau²⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kʰuan⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /kʰɔn⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kʰuɔŋ²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰoŋ³¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /kʰoŋ³¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fɔŋ³³/ |
| Nanning | /kʰɔŋ³³/ | |
| Hong Kong | /fɔŋ³³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hɔŋ⁵³/ /kʰɔŋ⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huɔŋ²¹²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰuaŋ³³/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰuaŋ²¹³/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /xuaŋ³⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: xjwangH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*aŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hmaŋs/
Definitions
況
- condition; situation
- (archaic) much less; let alone
- 臣之罪甚多矣。臣猶知之，而況君乎？請由此亡。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Chén zhī zuì shènduō yǐ. Chén yóu zhī zhī, ér kuàng jūn hū? Qǐng yóucǐ wáng.
- My wrongdoings have been excessive. Even I myself understand this, let alone you, my liege? May you banish me henceforth.
臣之罪甚多矣。臣犹知之，而况君乎？请由此亡。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 吾未聞枉己而正人者也，況辱己以正天下者乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Wú wèi wén wǎngjǐ ér zhèngrén zhě yě, kuàng rǔjǐ yǐ zhèng tiānxià zhě hū?
- I have not heard of one who bent himself, and at the same time made others straight; how much less could one disgrace himself, and thereby rectify the whole kingdom?
吾未闻枉己而正人者也，况辱己以正天下者乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- furthermore
- to compare; to draw an analogy with
Compounds
- 何況／何况 (hékuàng)
- 出狀況／出状况
- 勢況／势况
- 境況／境况 (jìngkuàng)
- 實況／实况 (shíkuàng)
- 實況轉播／实况转播
- 實況錄影／实况录影
- 市況／市况 (shìkuàng)
- 情況／情况 (qíngkuàng)
- 情況證據／情况证据
- 戰況／战况 (zhànkuàng)
- 景況／景况 (jǐngkuàng)
- 概況／概况 (gàikuàng)
- 每下愈況／每下愈况 (měixiàyùkuàng)
- 每況愈下／每况愈下 (měikuàngyùxià)
- 比況／比况
- 況且／况且 (kuàngqiě)
- 況乃／况乃
- 況乎／况乎 (kuànghū)
- 況味／况味 (kuàngwèi)
- 況迺／况迺
- 狀況／状况 (zhuàngkuàng)
- 現況／现况 (xiànkuàng)
- 病況／病况 (bìngkuàng)
- 盛況／盛况 (shèngkuàng)
- 盛況空前／盛况空前
- 空前盛況／空前盛况
- 窘況／窘况 (jiǒngkuàng)
- 而況／而况 (érkuàng)
- 自況／自况
- 路況／路况 (lùkuàng)
- 近況／近况 (jìnkuàng)
Japanese
Kanji
況
Readings
- Go-on: こう (kō)←くわう (kwau, historical)
- Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)←きやう (kyau, historical)←くゐやう (kwyau, ancient)
- Kun: まして (mashite, 況して); いわんや (iwan'ya, 況んや)←いはんや (ifan'ya, 況んや, historical); おもむき (omomuki, 況)
Korean
Hanja
況 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
- chữ Hán form of huống (“situation; furthermore”).