泣く

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
泣
な
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
哭く

Etymology

From Old Japanese, derived from 音 (na, “(emotional) sound, voice”, bound form) [1] + く (-ku, verb suffix). Cognate with 鳴(な)く (naku).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「泣く」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		泣く なく
Imperative (命令形) 泣け なけ
Key constructions
Passive 泣かれる なかれる
Causative 泣かせる なかせる
Potential 泣ける なける
Volitional 泣こう なこー
Negative 泣かない なかない
Negative perfective 泣かなかった なかなかった
Formal 泣きます なきます
Perfective 泣いた ないた
Conjunctive 泣いて ないて
Hypothetical conditional 泣けば なけば

Verb

泣(な)く • (naku) godan (stem 泣(な)き (naki), past 泣(な)いた (naita))

  1. (intransitive) to cry; to weep; to sob
    • Rumiko Takahashi, “ＰＡＲＴ(パート).８(はち)　格(かく)闘(とう)演(えん)芸(げい)会(かい) [Part 8: Fighting Show]”, in らんま½ [Ranma ½], volume 5 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 137:
      て、天(てん)道(どう)あかねっ‼なんてことをするんだっ‼
      Te, Tendō Akane'‼ Nan te koto o suru n da'‼
      Te— Tendō Akane!! How could you!?
      泣(な)くんじゃないっ‼
      Naku n ja nai'‼
      Quit wailing, will you!?
    • 2005 November 9, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)ファイナル [Armed Alchemy: The Final Act]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 9 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 180:
      バカヤロオォ‼許(ゆる)さねぇぞ　武(む)藤(とう)ォ！よくも先(せん)輩(ぱい)を泣(な)かせやがって…‼
      Baka yarōo‼ Yurusanē zo Mutōo! Yoku mo senpai o nakaseyagatte…‼
      Bastard!! I won’t forgive you, Mutō! How dare you make senpai cry…!!
  2. (intransitive) to howl
  3. (transitive) to grieve over something

Conjugation

Conjugation of "泣く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 泣か なか naka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 泣き なき naki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 泣く なく naku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 泣く なく naku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 泣け なけ nake
Meireikei ("imperative") 泣け なけ nake
Key constructions
Passive 泣かれる なかれる nakareru
Causative 泣かせる
泣かす 		なかせる
なかす 		nakaseru
nakasu
Potential 泣ける なける nakeru
Volitional 泣こう なこう nakō
Negative 泣かない なかない nakanai
Negative continuative 泣かず なかず nakazu
Formal 泣きます なきます nakimasu
Perfective 泣いた ないた naita
Conjunctive 泣いて ないて naite
Hypothetical conditional 泣けば なけば nakeba
Classical conjugation of "泣く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 泣か なか naka
Continuative (連用形) 泣き なき naki
Terminal (終止形) 泣く なく naku
Attributive (連体形) 泣く なく naku
Realis (已然形) 泣け なけ nake
Imperative (命令形) 泣け なけ nake
Key constructions
Negative 泣かず なかず nakazu
Contrasting conjunction 泣けど なけど nakedo
Causal conjunction 泣けば なけば nakeba
Conditional conjunction 泣かば なかば nakaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 泣きき なきき nakiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 泣きけり なきけり nakikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 泣きつ なきつ nakitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 泣きぬ なきぬ nakinu
Perfect-continuative tense 泣けり
泣きたり		 なけり
なきたり		 nakeri
nakitari
Volitional 泣かむ なかむ nakamu

Derived terms

Derived terms

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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