流浪
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禁止餵食流浪犬 (“No feeding stray dogs”)
Chinese
to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move |
wave; breaker; unrestrained wave; breaker; unrestrained; dissipated | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (流浪) | 流 | 浪 | |
| simp. #(流浪) | 流 | 浪 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lau4 long6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liù-long
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liû-lōng
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lióulàng
- Wade–Giles: liu2-lang4
- Yale: lyóu-làng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lioulanq
- Palladius: люлан (ljulan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ lɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: lau4 long6
- Yale: làuh lohng
- Cantonese Pinyin: lau4 long6
- Guangdong Romanization: leo4 long6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɐu̯²¹ lɔːŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liù-long
- Hakka Romanization System: liuˇ long
- Hagfa Pinyim: liu2 long4
- Sinological IPA: /li̯u¹¹ loŋ⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: ljuw langH
Verb
流浪
Synonyms
Derived terms
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 流 | 浪 |
| る Grade: 3 |
ろう Grade: S |
| goon | on'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
- 流浪者 (rurōsha)
Verb
流浪する • (rurō suru) ←るらう (rurau)?intransitive suru (stem 流浪し (rurō shi), past 流浪した (rurō shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "流浪する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 流浪し | るろうし | rurō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 流浪し | るろうし | rurō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 流浪する | るろうする | rurō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 流浪する | るろうする | rurō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 流浪すれ | るろうすれ | rurō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 流浪せよ¹ 流浪しろ² |
るろうせよ¹ るろうしろ² |
rurō seyo¹ rurō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 流浪される | るろうされる | rurō sareru | |
| Causative | 流浪させる 流浪さす |
るろうさせる るろうさす |
rurō saseru rurō sasu | |
| Potential | 流浪できる | るろうできる | rurō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 流浪しよう | るろうしよう | rurō shiyō | |
| Negative | 流浪しない | るろうしない | rurō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 流浪せず | るろうせず | rurō sezu | |
| Formal | 流浪します | るろうします | rurō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 流浪した | るろうした | rurō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 流浪して | るろうして | rurō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 流浪すれば | るろうすれば | rurō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 流 | 浪 |
| さすらい | |
| Grade: 3 | Grade: S |
| jukujikun | |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 流浪 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 流浪, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 流 | 浪 |