浪

浪	U+6D6A, 浪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D6A

← 浩

CJK Unified Ideographs

浫 →

浪	U+F92A, 浪 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F92A

← 朗

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

狼 →

Translingual

Han character

浪 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水戈日女 (EIAV), four-corner 3713₂, composition ⿰氵良)

Derived characters

𰀯

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 624, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17482
Dae Jaweon: page 1022, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1634, character 6
Unihan data for U+6D6A

Unihan data for U+F92A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		浪

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 浪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
剆	raːl, raːlʔ
郎	*raːŋ
稂	*raːŋ
桹	*raːŋ
鋃	*raːŋ
硠	*raːŋ
浪	raːŋ, raːŋs
蜋	raːŋ, raŋ
琅	*raːŋ
狼	*raːŋ
欴	*raːŋ
踉	raːŋ, raŋ, *raŋs
莨	raːŋ, raːŋs
艆	*raːŋ
駺	*raːŋ
躴	*raːŋ
筤	*raːŋ
閬	raːŋ, raːŋs
哴	raːŋ, raŋs
蓈	*raːŋ
廊	*raːŋ
榔	raːŋ, raːŋʔ
螂	*raːŋ
瑯	*raːŋ
朗	*raːŋʔ
朖	*raːŋʔ
誏	*raːŋʔ
俍	*raːŋʔ
崀	*raːŋʔ
埌	*raːŋs
蒗	*raːŋs
娘	*naŋ
良	*raŋ
粮	*raŋ
悢	*raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋ, *raːŋs) : semantic 水 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

Etymology 1

May be a colloquial variant of 瀾／澜 (lán, “wave”). Probably not related to Tibetan དབའ་ཀློང (dba' klong, “wave”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): làng (lang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лон (lon, III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): long⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): long

(Meixian, Guangdong): long⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): lon³
Northern Min (KCR): lō̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): lông
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lōng

(Teochew, Peng'im): lang⁶ / neng⁷
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶laon
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lan⁴ / lan⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: làng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: làng
  - Wade–Giles: lang⁴
  - Yale: làng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lanq
  - Palladius: лан (lan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лон (lon, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: long⁶
  - Yale: lohng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: long⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: long⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: long
  - Hakka Romanization System: long
  - Hagfa Pinyim: long⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /loŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: long⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /lɔŋ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: lon³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /lɒ̃⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lō̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ouŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lōng
  - Tâi-lô: lōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: long
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /lɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lang⁶ / neng⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lăng / nṳ̄ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laŋ³⁵/, /nɯŋ¹¹/

Note:

lang6 - literary;
neng7 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶laon
  - MiniDict: laon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³laan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lɑ̃²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /lɑ̃²³¹/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lan⁴ / lan⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃an⁴⁵/, /l̃an²¹/

Middle Chinese: langH

Rime
Character	浪
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	來宕切
Baxter	langH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/laŋ^H/
Li Rong	/lɑŋ^H/
Wang Li	/lɑŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	làng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	long⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*raːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	浪
Reading #	2/2
No.	8040
Phonetic component	良
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	浪
Old Chinese	/*raːŋs/

Definitions

浪

wave
- 長風破浪會有時，直掛雲帆濟滄海。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 774, 李白, 行路難·其一
  Chángfēngpòlàng huì yǒu shí, zhí guà yúnfān jì cānghǎi.
  I will mount a long wind some day and break the heavy waves, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea.
something resembling waves
麥浪／麦浪 ― màilàng ― billowing wheat fields
to be unrestrained
浪費／浪费 ― làngfèi ― to waste
dissolute
浪蕩／浪荡 ― làngdàng ― dissolute; dissipated

狂蜂浪蝶 ― kuángfēnglàngdié ― lascivious men
(dialectal Mandarin or slang) to amuse oneself; to have fun; to go out; to hang out; to stroll
(literary) in vain
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 浪 (“wave”)

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		瀾, 浪
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		浪
Mandarin	Taiwan	浪
	Luoyang	浪頭
	Yinchuan	浪
	Chengdu	浪子
	Singapore	浪
Cantonese	Hong Kong	浪
Gan	Nanchang	浪
Huizhou	Jixi	浪頭
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	浪
Southern Min	Xiamen	湧
	Quanzhou	湧
	Zhangzhou	湧
	Tainan	湧
	Jieyang	湧
	Leizhou	湧
	Haikou	湧
Wu	Shanghai	浪頭
	Shanghai (Chongming)	浪頭
	Ningbo	浪頭, 浪

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): láng (lang²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): long⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: láng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: láng
  - Wade–Giles: lang²
  - Yale: láng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lang
  - Palladius: лан (lan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: long⁴
  - Yale: lòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: long⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: long⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: lang

Rime
Character	浪
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	魯當切
Baxter	lang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/laŋ/
Li Rong	/lɑŋ/
Wang Li	/lɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	láng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	long⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*raːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	浪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	láng
Middle Chinese	‹ lang ›
Old Chinese	/*ˁaŋ/
English	(name of a river)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	浪
Reading #	1/2
No.	8016
Phonetic component	良
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	郎
Old Chinese	/*raːŋ/

Definitions

浪

Only used in 滄浪／沧浪 (Cāngláng) and 浪浪 (lángláng).

Compounds

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		浪
alternative forms		上丄

Lenition of 上: /zɑ̃¹¹³/ > /lɑ̃¹¹³/ (Shanghainese pronunciation). Compare 哉 (/zəʔ/), which underwent a similar process to 了 (/ləʔ/).

Pronunciation

Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶laon

Wu
- (Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶laon
  - MiniDict: laon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³laan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lɑ̃²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /lɑ̃²³¹/

Definitions

浪

(Wu) on; above
衣裳擺辣床浪。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
衣裳摆辣床浪。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
From: 2007, Qian Nairong, 上海话大词典, page 8
¹i-zaon ⁵pa-laq ⁶zaon-laon [Wugniu]
Put the clothes on the bed.

Etymology 4

From English furlong.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): làng (lang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): long⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: làng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: làng
  - Wade–Giles: lang⁴
  - Yale: làng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lanq
  - Palladius: лан (lan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: long⁶
  - Yale: lohng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: long⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: long⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːŋ²²/

Definitions

浪

furlong

Japanese

Kanji

浪

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: らん (ran)
Kun: なみ (nami, 浪)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
浪
なみ Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 浪 – see the following entry.

【波なみ】3

a wave

a female given name

Alternative spelling
濤

(This term, 浪, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
浪
ろう Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):

Counter

浪(ろう) • (-rō) ^{←らう (rau)^?}

failing the annual university entrance exams (see 浪人)
二浪目(にろうめ)
nirōme
second time failing the annual university entrance exams

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 浪 (MC langH). Recorded as Middle Korean 라ᇰ〯 (lǎng) (Yale: lǎng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
- Phonetic hangul:
  - Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
(non-initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
- Phonetic hangul: