海馬

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See also: 海马

Chinese

ocean; sea horse; surname
trad. (海馬)
simp. (海马)

Etymology

sea horse
So named as its shape is similar to horse's head. First used in the Tang dynasty-era 本草拾遺 (Supplements to the Compendium of Materia Medica).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (32) (4)
Final () (41) (98)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I II
Fanqie
Baxter xojX maeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hʌiX/ /mˠaX/
Pan
Wuyun
/həiX/ /mᵚaX/
Shao
Rongfen
/xɒiX/ /maX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/həjX/ /maɨX/
Li
Rong
/xᴀiX/ /maX/
Wang
Li
/xɒiX/ /maX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/xɑ̆iX/ /maX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hǎi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hoi2 maa5

Noun

海馬

  1. sea horse (Classifier: m c;  mn)
  2. (obsolete) walrus
  3. (obsolete) frog
  4. Short for 海馬體海马体 (hǎimǎtǐ, “hippocampus”).

Synonyms

  • (sea horse):

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (海馬):

Japanese

Etymology 1

 海馬 (Seahorse) on Japanese Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
うみ
Grade: 2
うま
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
海馬 (kyūjitai)
海馬 (umiuma, kaiba): a sea horse.

Compound of (うみ) (umi, ocean, sea) + (うま) (uma, horse).

Pronunciation

Noun

(うみ)(うま) or 海馬(ウミウマ) (umiuma

  1. Synonym of 竜の落とし子 (tatsu no otoshigo, sea horse) (fish)
Usage notes
Derived terms

Etymology 2

 海馬 (Walrus) and 海馬 (Hippocampus) on Japanese Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
かい
Grade: 2

Grade: 2
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
海馬 (kyūjitai)
海馬 (kaiba): a walrus.

From Middle Chinese 海馬 (xojX mæX, literally sea + horse). Compare Mandarin 海馬海马 (hǎimǎ), Cantonese 海馬海马 (hoi2 maa5), Min Nan 海馬海马 (hái-bé).

Pronunciation

Noun

(かい)() or 海馬(カイバ) (kaiba

  1. (rare) Synonym of 竜の落とし子 (tatsu no otoshigo, sea horse) (fish)
  2. (rare) Synonym of 海象 (seiuchi, walrus)
  3. (anatomy) the hippocampus (a part of the brain)
    Synonym: 海馬体 (kaibatai)
Usage notes

Etymology 3

 海馬 (Steller sea lion) on Japanese Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
Grade: 2 Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spellings
海馬 (kyūjitai)
胡獱
海馬 (todo): a female and male Steller sea lion.

From Ainu トド (todo), トト (toto, sea lion). The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

Noun

海馬(とど) or 海馬(トド) (todo

  1. a Steller sea lion
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as トド. The kanji spellings are rare. When written in kanji, the 胡獱 spelling may be more common, likely to avoid confusion with the alternate readings of the 海馬 spelling of umiuma and kaiba.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term

Noun

海馬 (haema) (hangeul 해마)

  1. Hanja form? of 해마 (seahorse; walrus).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun

海馬

  1. chữ Hán form of hải mã (seahorse; walrus).