涎

Translingual

Han character

涎 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水弓大一 (ENKM) or 水弓大女 (ENKV), four-corner 3214₁, composition ⿰氵延)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 626, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17536
• Dae Jaweon: page 1029, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1610, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6D8E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljan, *lans) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 延 (OC *lan, *lans).

Etymology 1

Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Chug har (“phlegm”), Lish hahal (“phlegm”), Rupa Sherdukpen nəkʰɔ̃ː (“phlegm”), Japhug tɯɴɢar (“sputum”) (Bodt, 2021). Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *(s-)lan, compares it to Tibetan ཟླན (zlan, “moisture”).

Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) relates it to Thai น้ำลาย (náam-laai), which is derived from Proto-Tai *laːjᴬ (“saliva”).

Possibly related to 羨 (OC *ljans, “to envy”) (Wang, 1982; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation

Definitions

涎

1. saliva

Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Adjective

涎

1. Only used in 湎涎.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

涎

1. Only used in 涎涎.

Etymology 4

References

• “涎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. drool, slobber, saliva

Readings

• Go-on: ぜん (zen); えん (en)
• Kan-on: せん (sen); えん (en)
• Kun: よだれ (yodare, 涎); よだり (yodari, 涎)

Etymology 1

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.

Ultimately a compound of よ (yo, meaning uncertain) +‎ 垂り (tari, “hanging down”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of intransitive 四段 (yodan, “quadrigrade”) conjugation verb 垂る (taru, “to hang down”)). The tari changes to dari as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Superseded by the yodare reading, once the base verb 垂る (taru, “to hang down”) had shifted from the quadrigrade conjugation pattern to the lower bigrade pattern in the 15-1600s: see modern form 垂れる (tareru).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

涎(よだり) • (yodari) 

1. (archaic) snot: nasal mucus hanging or oozing out from the nose

   Synonyms: 洟垂 (hanatare, vulgar), 鼻汁 (hanajiru)

2. (archaic) drool, slobber: saliva hanging or oozing out from the mouth

   Synonym: 涎 (yodare, modern term)

Etymology 2

Shift from earlier yodari reading, due to the base verb 垂る (taru, “to hang down”) shifting from the quadrigrade conjugation pattern to the lower bigrade pattern in the 15-1600s: see modern form 垂れる (tareru).

First attested in a dictionary from 1548.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) よだれ (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

涎(よだれ) • (yodare) 

1. (archaic) drool, slobber: saliva hanging or oozing out from the mouth

   Synonyms: 唾液 (daeki, “saliva”, formal), 唾 (tsubaki, “spit”, general term), (Tsugaru) びろ (biro, dialect)

Derived terms

• 涎掛(よだれか)け (yodarekake, “baby apron, bib”)

References

Korean

Hanja

涎 (eum 연 (yeon))

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Vietnamese

Han character

涎: Hán Nôm readings: diên, nhiện

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation