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Originally as 深圳墟(Shēnzhèn xū, “Shenzhen Market”) and referred to a market town located in present-day Dongmen, Luohu District, Shenzhen. The name is first attested in Gazetteer of Xin'an County (新安縣志) .
In 1979, Bao'an County (寶安縣/宝安县) of Guangdong was renamed and converted to Shenzhen City (深圳市(Shēnzhèn shì)).
The character "圳" is not included in the first Japanese encoding system (due to its inclusion in the JIS X 0213 encoding), so the city name is commonly written as 深セン.
Etymology
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese深圳(Shēnzhèn). Sen is not an expected on-reading of 圳 and may derive from 川's on-reading of sen, which serves as a kan'yoon reading.