溝

Translingual

Han character

溝 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水廿廿月 (ETTB), four-corner 3514₇, composition ⿰氵冓)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 639, character 34
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17944
• Dae Jaweon: page 1046, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1692, character 6
• Unihan data for U+6E9D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs).

Etymology 1

Possibly the k-prefix noun of 漏 (OC *roːs, “to leak”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Definitions

溝

1. ditch; trench; channel (artificial or natural) (Classifier: 條／条 m; 道 m)

   排水溝／排水沟  ―  páishuǐgōu  ―  drainage ditch

   • 到夏天，大雨之後，你便能聽到許多蝦蟆叫，那是都在溝裡面的，因為北京到處都有溝。 [MSC, trad.]
     到夏天，大雨之后，你便能听到许多虾蟆叫，那是都在沟里面的，因为北京到处都有沟。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1922, Lu Xun, 鴨的喜劇

     Dào xiàtiān, dàyǔ zhīhòu, nǐ biàn néng tīng dào xǔduō háma jiào, nà shì dōu zài gōu lǐmiàn de, yīnwèi Běijīng dàochù dōu yǒu gōu.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. trench (military)

   壕溝／壕沟  ―  háogōu  ―  trench (military)

   深溝高壘／深沟高垒  ―  shēngōugāolěi  ―  to build firm fortifications (literally, “to dig deep trenches and build high defensive walls”)

3. gully; valley
4. groove; rut; furrow (Classifier: 道 m)

   屁股溝／屁股沟  ―  pìgǔ gōu  ―  gluteal cleft

   開溝播種／开沟播种  ―  kāi gōu bōzhǒng  ―  to make furrows for sowing seeds

5. a numeral that refers to 10³² or others

Synonyms

• (ditch): 槽 (cáo), 槽子 (cáozi)

Compounds

See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

溝

1. Only used in 溝瞀／沟瞀 (kòumào, “ignorant”).

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

溝

1. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 摳／抠 (“to mix”)
   • 1987, “無心睡眠”, 林敏聰 (lyrics), performed by 張國榮:

     酒醉與心碎心碎溝起污煙一片 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
     酒醉与心碎心碎沟起污烟一片 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

     zau² zeoi³ jyu⁵ sam¹ seoi³ sam¹ seoi³ kau¹ hei² wu¹ jin¹ jat¹ pin³

     drunkenness and heartbreak, heartbreak, forms a muddled smog

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Definitions

溝

1. (chiefly Cantonese) to pick up; to hit on

Derived terms

Etymology 5

Japanese

Shinjitai	溝
Kyūjitai	溝󠄁 溝+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	溝󠄃 溝+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku, 溝)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, 溝)
• Kun: うなて (unate, 溝); せせなぎ (sesenagi, 溝); せせなげ (sesenage, 溝); どぶ (dobu, 溝); みぞ (mizo, 溝, Jōyō)
• Nanori: みぞさき (mizosaki, 溝)

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

溝(こう) • (kō) 

1. ditch, channel

   排(はい)水(すい)溝(こう) ― haisuikō ― drainage ditch

2. groove, furrow

   海(かい)溝(こう) ― kaikō ― ocean trench

Number

溝(こう) • (kō) 

1. a hundred nonillion, equivalent to 10³²

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

溝(うなて) • (unate) 

1. (agriculture) irrigation ditch

Usage notes

• This term is usually written in kanji in formal or technical contexts (e.g., in a newspaper or in official documentation). In informal contexts, however, it is generally written in hiragana.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

溝(せせなぎ) • (sesenagi) ^{←せせなき (sesenaki)?}

2. channel with rainwater, sewage or other dirty water

   Synonyms: 溝 (dobu), 下水 (gesui)

3. Synonym of せせらぎ (seseragi)

Usage notes

• This term is usually written in kanji in formal or technical contexts (e.g., in a newspaper or in official documentation). In informal contexts, however, it is generally written in hiragana.

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

溝(せせなげ) • (sesenage) 

1. Synonym of 溝 (sesenagi)

Usage notes

• This term is usually written in kanji in formal or technical contexts (e.g., in a newspaper or in official documentation). In informal contexts, however, it is generally written in hiragana.

Etymology 5

Etymology 6

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *minsə.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) みぞ (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

溝(みぞ) • (mizo) 

1. ditch

   溝(みぞ)にはまる

   mizo ni hamaru

   get stuck in a ditch

2. groove, furrow

   レコードの溝(みぞ) ― rekōdo no mizo ― record grooves

3. gap between different opinions or emotions; disagreement

   大(おお)きな溝(みぞ)がある。

   Ōki na mizo ga aru.

   There is tremendous disagreement.

   夫(ふう)婦(ふ)間(かん)の溝(みぞ)が深(ふか)まる。

   Fūfukan no mizo ga fukamaru.

   The gap between the husband and the wife widens .

Proper noun

溝(みぞ) • (Mizo) 

1. a surname

Etymology 7

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Proper noun

溝(みぞさき) • (Mizosaki) 

1. a surname

References

Korean

Hanja

溝 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

溝: Hán Nôm readings: câu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.