滅びる

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
滅
ほろ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
亡びる

Etymology

From Classical Japanese verb 滅(ほろ)ぶ (horobu).

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「滅びる」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		滅びる ほろびる
Imperative (命令形) 滅びろ ほろびろ
Key constructions
Passive 滅びられる ほろびられる
Causative 滅びさせる ほろびさせる
Potential - - -
Volitional 滅びよう ほろびよー
Negative 滅びない ほろびない
Negative perfective 滅びなかった ほろびなかった
Formal 滅びます ほろびます
Perfective 滅びた ほろびた
Conjunctive 滅びて ほろびて
Hypothetical conditional 滅びれば ほろびれば

Verb

滅(ほろ)びる • (horobiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 滅(ほろ)び (horobi), past 滅(ほろ)びた (horobita))

Japanese verb pair
active 滅ぼす
mediopassive 滅びる
  1. to die, to fall, to collapse, to perish
    • "Laputa : Castle in the Sky", 1986
      ラピュタは滅(ほろ)びぬ、何(なん)度(ど)でも甦(よみがえ)るさ。
      Rapyuta wa horobi nu, nando demo yomigaeru sa.
      Laputa never dies, it will be reborn many times.
  2. to die out; to become extinct

Conjugation

Conjugation of "滅びる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 滅び ほろび horobi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 滅び ほろび horobi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 滅びる ほろびる horobiru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 滅びる ほろびる horobiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 滅びれ ほろびれ horobire
Meireikei ("imperative") 滅びよ¹
滅びろ² 		ほろびよ¹
ほろびろ² 		horobiyo¹
horobiro²
Key constructions
Passive 滅びられる ほろびられる horobirareru
Causative 滅びさせる
滅びさす 		ほろびさせる
ほろびさす 		horobisaseru
horobisasu
Potential 滅びられる
滅びれる³ 		ほろびられる
ほろびれる³ 		horobirareru
horobireru³
Volitional 滅びよう ほろびよう horobiyō
Negative 滅びない
滅びぬ
滅びん 		ほろびない
ほろびぬ
ほろびん 		horobinai
horobinu
horobin
Negative continuative 滅びず ほろびず horobizu
Formal 滅びます ほろびます horobimasu
Perfective 滅びた ほろびた horobita
Conjunctive 滅びて ほろびて horobite
Hypothetical conditional 滅びれば ほろびれば horobireba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Synonyms

Antonyms

  • 死(し)ぬ (shinu) (especially of life, figuratively intangible matters)
  • 消(き)える (kieru) (especially of fire, figuratively intangible matters)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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