火

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火 U+706B, 火
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-706B
← 灪
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 灬 →
⽕ U+2F55, ⽕
KANGXI RADICAL FIRE
← ⽔
 		Kangxi Radicals ⽖ →

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

  • 灬 (when used as a bottom Chinese radical)

Han character

Stroke order
4 strokes

火 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 火 (F), four-corner 90800, composition ⿻⿰丿丿人(GJKV) or ⿻丷人(HT))

  1. Kangxi radical #86, ⽕.

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 665, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18850
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1073, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2187, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+706B

Chinese

trad. 火
simp. # 火

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (火) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
火 *qʰʷaːlʔ
邩 *qʰʷaːlʔ
伙 *qʰʷaːlʔ

Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a fire. Written as 灬 when at the bottom of a character, but still seen in the original form in the character 灸.

See also the top component of 叟 in its original form and the bottom part of 赤.

Etymology

    Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej (Schuessler 2007; STEDT). However, see there for phonological problems.

    Pronunciation

    Note:
    • huōi - colloquial;
    • huō - literary.
    Note:
    • hue3 - vernacular;
    • hor3 - literary.
    Note:
    • hé/hér/hóe - vernacular;
    • hóⁿ - literary.
    Note:
    • hue2 - vernacular;
    • ho2 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 戈 (95)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 呼果切
    Baxter xwaX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/huɑX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/huɑX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xuɑX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hwaX/
    Li
    Rong         		/xuɑX/
    Wang
    Li         		/xuɑX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/xuɑX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		huǒ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		fo2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		huǒ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xwaX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ˁəjʔ/
    English fire

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 火
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5540
    Phonetic
    component         		火
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		火
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰʷaːlʔ/

    Definitions

    火

    1. fire; flame
      可以跟你借一個火嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
      可以跟你借一个火吗？ [MSC, simp.]
      Kěyǐ gēn nǐ jiè yīge huǒ ma?
      Can I borrow a light?
    2. fire (as a disaster); inferno
    3. red; fiery; bright; brilliant
    4. to burn down
    5. light; torch
    6. (dialectal) light; lamp
    7. anger; rage; wrath
    8. to become enraged
    9. angry; furious
    10. (traditional Chinese medicine) internal heat
      上火  ―  shànghuǒ  ―  inflammation
    11. firearm; ammunition; weapon
    12. war; warfare
    13. thriving; brisk
    14. urgent; pressing
    15. (neologism) to become popular; to go viral
    16. (neologism) to be popular; to be viral
      此帖必火  ―  cǐ tiě bì huǒ  ―  This post will definitely go viral
    17. (Cantonese) watt (unit of power)
      ※Definitely, "火" here is a unit of brightness (luminous intensity). However, the brightness of a luminous device is measured in watts in life because of luminous intensity's dependence on power, which resulted in it being bonded to watt, the unit of power.
      20火嘅燈膽／20火嘅灯胆 [Cantonese]  ―  20 fo2 ge3 dang1 daam2   ―  20-watt lightbulb
    18. Short for 火星 (Huǒxīng, “Mars”).
    19. (Cantonese) roasted
      Synonyms: 烤 (kǎo), 燒 / 烧 (shāo)
      火鴨／火鸭 [Cantonese]  ―  fo2 aap3   ―  roasted duck

    Synonyms

    Dialectal synonyms of 火 (“fire”)
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 火
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 火
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 火
    Taiwan 火
    Chengde 火
    Chifeng 火
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 火
    Heihe 火
    Qiqihar 火
    Harbin 火
    Jiamusi 火
    Baicheng 火
    Changchun 火
    Tonghua 火
    Shenyang 火
    Jinzhou 火
    Singapore 火
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 火
    Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 火
    Tangshan 火
    Cangzhou 火
    Baoding 火
    Shijiazhuang 火
    Lijin 火
    Jinan 火
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 火
    Dandong 火
    Yantai 火
    Qingdao 火
    Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 火
    Jining 火
    Wanrong 火
    Linfen 火
    Shangqiu 火
    Yuanyang 火
    Xinyang 火
    Baihe 火
    Xi'an 火
    Baoji 火
    Tianshui 火
    Xining 火
    Xuzhou 火
    Fuyang 火
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 火
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 火
    Lanzhou 火
    Dunhuang 火
    Hami 火
    Ürümqi 火
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 火
    Nanchong 火
    Dazhou 火
    Hanyuan 火
    Xichang 火
    Zigong 火
    Chongqing 火
    Wuhan 火
    Yichang 火
    Xiangyang 火
    Tianmen 火
    Guiyang 火
    Zunyi 火
    Bijie 火
    Liping 火
    Zhaotong 火
    Dali 火
    Kunming 火
    Mengzi 火
    Guilin 火
    Liuzhou 火
    Jishou 火
    Changde 火
    Hanzhong 火
    Dagudi (Maliba) 火
    Reshuitang (Longling) 火
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 火
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 火
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 火
    Yangzhou 火
    Lianyungang 火
    Lianshui 火
    Nantong 火
    Anqing 火
    Zongyang 火
    Wuhu 火
    Hefei 火
    Hong'an 火
    Jinhua (Shuiduiji) 火
    Cantonese Guangzhou 火
    Hong Kong 火
    Taishan (Guanghai) 火
    Wuzhou 火
    Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 火
    Beihai 火
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 火
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 火
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 火
    Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) 火
    Singapore (Guangfu) 火
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 火
    Móng Cái 火
    Mandalay (Taishan) 火
    Gan Nanchang 火
    Hakka Meixian 火
    Changting 火
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 火
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 火
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 火
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 火
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 火
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 火
    Huizhou Jixi 火
    Shexian 火
    Jin Taiyuan 火
    Yangyuan 火
    Datong 火
    Xinzhou 火
    Lüliang (Lishi) 火
    Changzhi 火
    Linhe 火
    Hohhot 火
    Baotou 火
    Erenhot 火
    Pingshan 火
    Zhangjiakou 火
    Handan 火
    Linzhou 火
    Suide 火
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 火
    Southern Min Xiamen 火
    Quanzhou 火
    Zhangzhou 火
    Tainan 火
    Singapore (Hokkien) 火
    Manila (Hokkien) 火
    Leizhou 火
    Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 火
    Suzhou 火
    Hangzhou 火
    Hangzhou (Fuyang) 火
    Shaoxing 火
    Wenzhou 火
    Jinhua 火
    Xiang Changsha 火
    Xiangxiang 火
    Loudi 火
    Hengyang 火
    Dialectal synonyms of 燈 (“lamp; light”)
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 燈
    Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 燈
    Malaysia 燈
    Singapore 燈
    Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 燈
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 燈
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 亮
    Guilin 燈
    Cantonese Guangzhou 燈
    Hong Kong 燈
    Taishan 燈, 火
    Singapore (Guangfu) 燈, 火
    Gan Nanchang 燈
    Hakka Meixian 燈
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 燈, 火
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 燈, 火
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 燈, 火
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 燈, 火
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 燈, 火
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 燈, 火
    Kuching (Hepo) 燈
    Jin Taiyuan 燈
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 燈
    Southern Min Xiamen 燈
    Penang (Hokkien) 燈, 火
    Singapore (Hokkien) 火
    Manila (Hokkien) 火, 燈
    Singapore (Teochew) 火, 燈
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 燈
    Wu Suzhou 燈
    Ningbo 燈, 亮 dated
    Wenzhou 燈
    Xiang Changsha 燈, 亮
    Xiangxiang 燈
    Dialectal synonyms of 瓦特 (“watt”)
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 瓦特, 瓦
    Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 瓦
    Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 支光
    Guiyang 支光, 瓦
    Guilin 瓦
    Dagudi (Maliba) 瓦
    Reshuitang (Longling) 瓦
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 瓦
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 瓦
    Cantonese Guangzhou 火, 𡆇
    Hong Kong 火, 𡆇
    Taishan (Guanghai) 瓦
    Beihai 瓦
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 瓦, 火
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 瓦
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 瓦
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 瓦
    Móng Cái 瓦
    Mandalay (Taishan) 度
    Hakka Meixian 𡆇
    Southern Min Shantou 瓦
    Wu Hangzhou 支光
    Ningbo 支光
    • (internal heat (traditional Chinese medicine)):

    Compounds

    Descendants

    Sino-Xenic (火):
    • → Japanese: 火(か) (ka)
    • → Korean: 화(火) (hwa)
    • → Vietnamese: hoả (火)

    References

    Japanese

    Kanji

    火

    (First grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

    Compounds

    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    火 (hi, ho, ka): fire.
    Kanji in this term
    火
    ひ
    Grade: 1
    kun'yomi

    ⟨pi2⟩ → */pʷɨ/ → /ɸi/ → /hi/

    From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *poy.

    Apophonic form of ho (see below). Compare 木 (ki, ko-, “tree”).

    Alternative forms

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    火(ひ) • (hi) 

    1. a fire:
      1. a flame
        Synonyms: 火気 (kaki), ファイア (faia), 炎 (honō)
      2. cooking fire
      3. a firestarter
      4. sparks
      5. light (matches or lighter)
        火(ひ)を貸(か)してもらえる？
        Hi o kashite moraeru?
        Can I borrow a light?
      6. heat
        Synonyms: 火熱 (kanetsu), 熱 (netsu)
      7. a conflagration
        Synonyms: 火災 (kasai), 火事 (kaji)
      8. a signal fire
        Synonym: 狼煙 (noroshi)
    2. (by extension) a light
    3. a burning passion
    4. menstruation
      Synonym: 月経 (gekkei)
    Derived terms
    Derived terms
    Idioms

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    火
    ほ
    Grade: 1
    kun'yomi

    /po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

    From Old Japanese.[1]

    Combining form of hi above. Probably the oldest form, possibly cognate with Korean 불 (bul, “fire”).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    火(ほ) • (ho) 

    1. a fire
    Derived terms
    Derived terms

    Etymology 3

    火 (ka): fire in the Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) system
    火 (Ka): Antares in the Scorpio constellation
    Kanji in this term
    火
    か
    Grade: 1
    on'yomi

    /kwa/ → /ka/

    From Middle Chinese 火 (MC xwaX).[1]

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    火(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

    1. a fire
    2. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see Wu Xing on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
    3. (historical) under the old 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of ancient Japan, a military grouping, consisting of 10 soldiers: a squad
      Synonym: 分隊 (buntai)
    4. Short for 火曜日 (kayōbi): Tuesday
    Derived terms

    Affix

    火(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

    1. fire
    2. light
    3. burning
    4. passion
    5. imminently
    6. explosive

    Proper noun

    火(か) • (Ka) ←くわ (Kwa)?

    1. Antares, in the constellation Scorpio
      Synonyms: アンタレス (Antaresu), 大火 (Taika)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 火 (MC xwaX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 황〯 (Yale: hwǎ)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 블〮 (Yale: púl) 화〯 (Yale: hwǎ)

    Pronunciation

    • (in {{ko-l|1=화요|2=火曜}}):
    • (fire; anger; etc.):
      • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
      • Phonetic hangul:
        • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    火 (eumhun 불 화 (bul hwa))

    1. hanja form? of 화 (“fire; heat”)
    2. hanja form? of 화 (“anger”)
    3. hanja form? of 화 (“(as an abbreviation) Mars”)
    4. hanja form? of 화 (“Short for 화요일(火曜日) (hwayoil, “Tuesday”).”)

    Compounds

    Compounds

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

    Old Japanese

    Etymology 1

    From Proto-Japonic *poy.

    Apophonic form of po1 (see below).

    Compare the development of 木 (ki2, ko2-, “tree”).

    Noun

    火 (pi2) (kana ひ)

    1. a fire
    2. (by extension) a light
    Derived terms
    Descendants

    Etymology 2

    Combining form of pi2 above, probably the older form.

    Noun

    火 (po1 → po) (kana ほ)

    1. a fire
    Derived terms
    Descendants
    • Japanese: 火 (ho)

    Etymology 3

    Appears in only one poem in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as a compound, see derived term 葦火 (asipu).

    According to Vovin (2011) p. 222, this is the vowel raising of the nucleus of Proto-Japonic *poy to *puy, followed by deletion of the *-y consonant.

    Noun

    火 (pu) (kana ふ)

    1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a fire
    Derived terms

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    火: Hán Việt readings: hỏa/hoả[1][2][3]
    火: Nôm readings: hỏa/hoả[2][3][4][5], ỏa/oả[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of hoả (“fire”).

    Compounds

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Bonet (1899).
    5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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