烏弋山離

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Chinese

phonetic
trad. (烏弋山離) 烏 弋 山 離
simp. (乌弋山离) 乌 弋 山 离
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Etymology

First recorded in Chinese historiography in the Book of Han (《漢書·西域傳》) . Pulleyblank (1999) considers the derivation from Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexándreia) "long accepted", connects it with one of the numerous settlements bearing the name in what is now modern Afghanistan, and further notices that the final character 離 (MC lje) would have corresponded to the level-tone (平聲) reading in Middle Chinese.

Doublet of 阿荔散, 亞歷山大／亚历山大 (Yàlìshāndà).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 烏 弋 山 離
Reading # 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/3
Initial (聲) 影 (34) 以 (36) 生 (21) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 職 (134) 山 (73) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open Open
Division (等) I III II III
Fanqie 哀都切 與職切 所閒切 呂支切
Baxter 'u yik srean lje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔuo/ /jɨk̚/ /ʃˠɛn/ /liᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔuo/ /jɨk̚/ /ʃᵚæn/ /liɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔo/ /iek̚/ /ʃæn/ /ljɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔɔ/ /jik̚/ /ʂəɨn/ /liə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ʔo/ /iək̚/ /ʃɛn/ /lie/
Wang
Li 		/u/ /jĭək̚/ /ʃæn/ /lǐe/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔuo/ /i̯ək̚/ /ʂăn/ /lie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wū yì shān lí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wu1 jik6 saan1 lei4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 烏 烏 弋 山 離
Reading # 1/3 3/3 1/1 1/1 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wū wū yì shān lí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔu › ‹ ʔu › ‹ yik › ‹ srɛn › ‹ lje ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ˁa/ /*ʔˁa/ /*lək/ /*s-ŋrar/ /*aj/
English oh! 烏桓, 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn) shoot arrow with string attached mountain, hill meet with, encounter

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 烏 弋 山 離
Reading # 1/1 1/1 1/1 2/3
No. 13077 14986 11052 7780
Phonetic
component 		烏 弋 山 离
Rime
group 		魚 職 元 歌
Rime
subdivision 		0 0 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		烏 弋 山 離
Old
Chinese 		/*qaː/ /*lɯɡ/ /*sreːn/ /*rel/
Notes 甲文象隹入網羅，
離反爲省文

Proper noun

烏弋山離

  1. (～國) (historical) Alexandria; Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include: (Yu, 1998)
    1. Alexandria Arion, near Herat
    2. Alexandria Arachosia, near Kandahar
    3. Alexandria Prophthasia, possibly related to modern Farah
    4. Alexandria in Opiana, near modern Ghazni
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