焼ける

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Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
焼
や
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
燒ける (kyūjitai)

From Old Japanese 焼く (yaku), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern. See the entry for further details.

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「焼ける」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		焼ける やける
Imperative (命令形) 焼けろ やけろ
Key constructions
Passive 焼けられる やけられる
Causative 焼けさせる やけさせる
Potential - - -
Volitional 焼けよう やけよー
Negative 焼けない やけない
Negative perfective 焼けなかった やけなかった
Formal 焼けます やけます
Perfective 焼けた やけた
Conjunctive 焼けて やけて
Hypothetical conditional 焼ければ やければ

Verb

焼(や)ける • (yakeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 焼(や)け (yake), past 焼(や)けた (yaketa))

Japanese verb pair
active 焼く
mediopassive 焼ける
  1. be burned
  2. be grilled, roasted, done
  3. tan, get a suntan
  4. change color, become discolored

Conjugation

Conjugation of "焼ける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 焼け やけ yake
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 焼け やけ yake
Shūshikei ("terminal") 焼ける やける yakeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 焼ける やける yakeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 焼けれ やけれ yakere
Meireikei ("imperative") 焼けよ¹
焼けろ² 		やけよ¹
やけろ² 		yakeyo¹
yakero²
Key constructions
Passive 焼けられる やけられる yakerareru
Causative 焼けさせる
焼けさす 		やけさせる
やけさす 		yakesaseru
yakesasu
Potential 焼けられる
焼けれる³ 		やけられる
やけれる³ 		yakerareru
yakereru³
Volitional 焼けよう やけよう yakeyō
Negative 焼けない
焼けぬ
焼けん 		やけない
やけぬ
やけん 		yakenai
yakenu
yaken
Negative continuative 焼けず やけず yakezu
Formal 焼けます やけます yakemasu
Perfective 焼けた やけた yaketa
Conjunctive 焼けて やけて yakete
Hypothetical conditional 焼ければ やければ yakereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ “焼・妬”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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