爪
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Translingual
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Alternative forms
- 爫 – when used as a top radical
Han character
爪 (Kangxi radical 87, 爪+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹中人 (HLO), four-corner 72230, composition ⿸𠂆⿰丨乀)
- Kangxi radical #87, ⽖.
Derived terms
- Appendix:Chinese radical/爪
- 𫩜, 𢁬, 抓, 沠, 𤜶, 枛, 𤣺, 𥄄, 𮄨, 𧘷, 䖣, 𧠘, 𧦐, 䝖, 𬦦, 𮠜, 釽(𬬲), 𤔗, 𩨢, 𪗢
- 𦧍, 𧠙, 坕, 𦥝, 𫵕, 𦬔, 𢦞, 𪽫, 𮃹, 𤰰, 笊, 𮍕, 𢦼, 𤰲, 𩬐
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 688, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19653
- Dae Jaweon: page 1101, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2030, character 1
- Unihan data for U+722A
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 爪 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) – a hand grabbing from above (in earlier forms from side); compare 手, 寸, 九. Even if it can indicate a claw, actually the pictogram depicts a human hand.
Etymology 1
| trad. | 爪 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 爪 | |
| alternative forms | 㕚 ancient | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zao3
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zaau2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): cháu
- Jin (Wiktionary): zua2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5tsau / 3tsau
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, vernacular)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄚˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhuǎ
- Wade–Giles: chua3
- Yale: jwǎ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joa
- Palladius: чжуа (čžua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ä²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄚˇㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhuǎr
- Wade–Giles: chua3-ʼrh
- Yale: jwǎr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joal
- Palladius: чжуар (čžuar)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑɻ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, literary)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎo
- Wade–Giles: chao3
- Yale: jǎu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jao
- Palladius: чжао (čžao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, vernacular)+
Note:
- zhuǎ - “claw; claw-like object”.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zao3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zao
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sau⁵³/
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zaau2
- Yale: jáau
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzaau2
- Guangdong Romanization: zao2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saːu̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cháu
- Hakka Romanization System: zauˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: zau3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sau̯³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zua2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sua⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liáu
- Tâi-lô: liáu
- Phofsit Daibuun: liao
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liau⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niáu
- Tâi-lô: niáu
- Phofsit Daibuun: niao
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /niãu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiáu
- Tâi-lô: jiáu
- Phofsit Daibuun: jiao
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziau⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziau⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáu
- Tâi-lô: tsiáu
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciao
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siau⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siau⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháu
- Tâi-lô: tsáu
- Phofsit Daibuun: zao
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sau⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sau⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note:
- liáu/niáu/jiáu - vernacular (“claw; nail; ”);
- chiáu - vernacular;
- cháu - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: riao2 / riou2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiáu / jióu
- Sinological IPA (key): /d͡ziau⁵²/, /d͡ziou⁵²/
Note:
- riao2 - Shantou;
- riou2 - Chaozhou.
- Middle Chinese: tsraewX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ˤ<r>uʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsruːʔ/
Definitions
爪
- claw (of animal, bird); talon; paw; nail
- (Hakka) to grab with claws
- claw-like object; foot (of an item)
- (derogatory or humorous) hand (of a person)
- (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) nail (of a person)
- (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) bamboo rake or harrow
- a surname
Usage notes
- 爪 (zhuǎ) ― paws or claws of vertebrates, except for humans, bears, ducks, geese and swans
- 鉗／钳 (qián) ― claws of arthropods (crabs, clawed lobsters, scorpions, etc.)
- 掌 (zhǎng) ― hands, paws or claws of humans (only in compounds), bears, ducks, geese or swans
- 手 (shǒu) ― hands or hooves of humans or swine (only for culinary swine hooves)
- 蹄 (tí) ― hooves
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 爪子 (“claw; paw”)
Compounds
- 一鱗一爪 / 一鳞一爪
- 一鱗半爪 / 一鳞半爪 (yīlínbànzhǎo)
- 八爪魚 / 八爪鱼 (bāzhuǎyú)
- 冰爪
- 展爪
- 張牙舞爪 / 张牙舞爪 (zhāngyáwǔzhǎo)
- 心膂爪牙
- 手爪 (shǒuzhuǎ)
- 探爪兒 / 探爪儿
- 握拳透爪
- 東鱗西爪 / 东鳞西爪 (dōnglínxīzhuǎ)
- 熊爪
- 熱爪哇 / 热爪哇 (rèzhǎowā)
- 爪兒 / 爪儿
- 爪印
- 爪哇 (Zhǎowā)
- 爪哇人 (Zhǎowārén)
- 爪哇國 / 爪哇国 (Zhǎowāguó)
- 爪哇島 / 爪哇岛
- 爪哇族
- 爪塔
- 爪士
- 爪子 (zhǎozi)
- 爪字頭 / 爪字头 (zhǎozìtóu)
- 爪尋 / 爪寻
- 爪尖兒 / 爪尖儿
- 爪枯
- 爪牙 (zhǎoyá)
- 爪牙之士
- 爪牙之將 / 爪牙之将
- 爪牙吏
- 爪牙官
- 爪甲
- 爪甲點金 / 爪甲点金
- 爪痕
- 爪老
- 爪袖
- 爪角
- 爪蹄類 / 爪蹄类
- 爪章
- 片鱗半爪 / 片鳞半爪
- 牙爪
- 犬牙鷹爪 / 犬牙鹰爪
- 狗爪子
- 祿山之爪 / 禄山之爪
- 繫爪 / 系爪
- 能牙利爪 (néngyálìzhǎo)
- 舞爪張牙 / 舞爪张牙
- 虎爪拳
- 虎爪豆
- 通眉長爪 / 通眉长爪
- 鉤爪 / 钩爪
- 鉤爪鋸牙 / 钩爪锯牙
- 鋸牙鉤爪 / 锯牙钩爪
- 雞爪 / 鸡爪
- 雞爪釘 / 鸡爪钉
- 雪泥鴻爪 / 雪泥鸿爪
- 飛爪 / 飞爪
- 飛鴻雪爪 / 飞鸿雪爪
- 魔爪 (mózhǎo)
- 鱗爪 / 鳞爪 (línzhǎo)
- 鱉爪 / 鳖爪
- 鳥爪 / 鸟爪
- 鳳爪 / 凤爪 (fèngzhǎo)
- 鴻爪 / 鸿爪
- 鵰心雁爪 / 雕心雁爪
- 鷹爪 / 鹰爪
- 鷹爪功 / 鹰爪功
- 鷹爪毛兒 / 鹰爪毛儿
- 龍爪 / 龙爪
- 龍爪書 / 龙爪书
- 龍爪槐 / 龙爪槐
Etymology 2
| trad. | 爪 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 爪 | |
| alternative forms | 抓 | |
Pronunciation
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niàu
- Tâi-lô: niàu
- Phofsit Daibuun: niaux
- IPA (Xiamen): /niãu²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /niãu¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liàu
- Tâi-lô: liàu
- Phofsit Daibuun: liaux
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liau⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiàu
- Tâi-lô: jiàu
- Phofsit Daibuun: jiaux
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziau²¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziau²¹/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
Definitions
爪
- (Southern Min) to claw; to scratch (with one's claw or nail)
- (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for claw or scratch mark.
Compounds
References
- “爪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
爪
Readings
- Go-on: しょう (shō)←せう (seu, historical)
- Kan-on: そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
- Kun: つめ (tsume, 爪, Jōyō)、つま (tsuma, 爪, Jōyō †)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 爪 |
| つめ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese,[1] in turn from Proto-Japonic *tumay. The standalone form of tsuma below.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
- 鷹の爪 (taka no tsume)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 爪 |
| つま Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. The root form of tsume above, generally only used in compounds. Cognate with 端 (tsuma, “edge, side of something”) and 妻 (tsuma, “wife”, original sense of “spouse”).[1]
Affix
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 爪音 (tsumaoto, “the sound of a stringed instrument when plucked with a pick or plectrum; the sound of a horse's hoofbeat”)
- 爪弾く (tsumabiku, “to pluck with one's fingernail, such as a stringed instrument”)
- 爪折る (tsumaoru, “to pick or break something off with one's fingernails”)
- 爪隠, 爪隠し (tsumakakushi, “hiding one's claws; a kind of zōri grass sandal, where the front end extends and folds over the tops of the toes”)
- 爪先 (tsumasaki, “tiptoe”)
- 摘まむ (tsumamu, “to pinch; to pick at; to pick something up with the tips of one's fingers”)
- 摘む (tsumu, “to pick something up with the tips of one's fingers; to snip the tip off of something”)
- 躓く (tsumazuku, “to stumble”)
- 爪楊枝 (tsuma yōji, “a small toothpick”)
References
Khitan
Etymology
Distantly related with Proto-Mongolic *ǰaxun (“hundred”), whence Classical Mongolian ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ (ǰaɣun) (> Mongolian зуу (zuu) and Daur jau).
Numeral
爪 (jau)
- hundred (100)
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 爪 (MC tsraewX). Recorded as Middle Korean 조〮 (cwó) (Yale: cwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
References
Vietnamese
Han character
爪: Hán Nôm readings: trảo, trẩu, vuốt, trảu
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